paper 45
Hard Measures by a Soft Power?
Sanctions Policy of the European Union
by Joakim Kreutz
Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Defining European Union sanctions
Development of sanctions regulations at the EU level
Previous EU Sanctions Policy
- The Treaty of Rome and the European Political Co-operation
- The London Report and the Single European Act
- The Common Foreign and Security Policy
Present EU Sanctions Policy
Sanctions practice in the EU area
Co-ordination of UN, OSCE and EU sanctions
EU Sanctions Policy in practice
Cases of European Union sanctions: 1980–2004
- Soviet Union 1982
- Argentina 1982
- Iran and Iraq 1984–85
- South Africa: 1985–94
- Libya 1986–92, 1999–2004
- Syria 1986–94
- China 1989–
- Burma/Union of Myanmar 1990–
- Iraq 1990
- Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia 1991
- Azerbaijan (and Armenia) 1992–
- Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire) 1993-2003
- Nigeria 1993–1999
- Sudan 1994–
- Slovenia 1995–1998
- roatia 1995–2000
- Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 1995–2000
- Bosnia-Herzegovina 1995–
- Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) 1995–
- Afghanistan 1996–99
- Indonesia 1999
- Ethiopia and Eritrea 1999–2000
- Belarus 1998–1999, 2002–2003
- Zimbabwe 2002–
- Moldova 2003–
Conclusion
References
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