Since its foundation in 1994, BICC (Bonn International Center for Conversion) has developed into one of the leading institutes for peace and conflict research in Europe. BICC’s Annual Report illustrates: The unique scientific expertise of the Center derives from the empirical insights that its... more
Sierra Leone is known for the successful reintegration of a high number of returning refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs), many of whom had stayed in protracted displacement situations during the eleven years of a most cruel internal war. The war was intertwined with... more
In peace and security policy, international and regional regulatory frameworks are under pressure, as are the institutions that serve to implement them. In this situation, the existing rules and institutions must be protected, and at the same time new rules and processes for securing peace must be... more
During the eleven years of civil war in Sierra Leone, more than two million people—more than half of the population—were displaced and between 50,000 and 70,000 people were killed. In BICC Policy Brief 4\2019 the author Elke Grawert addresses post-war reintegration and reconciliation. The... more
‘Stabilisation’ is becoming increasingly important as a policy paradigm in international security and development policy. However, different approaches to stabilisation are discussed in academia, policy and practice. Often, there is a tension between short-term approaches to stabilisation that are... more
In its Annual Report 2018, the international peace and conflict research Institute BICC analyzes the question of how peace and sustainability can be interlinked, and which challenges arise from this. The Annual Report 2018 not only connects research projects on forced displacement with this... more
Please find the Peace Report 2018 here. more
The world is currently far removed from a stable and just peace order. The wars in the Middle East, Africa and elsewhere have claimed thousands of victims and are forcing people to flee. The common concern for peace through international co-operation – for example in the United Nations (UN) – is... more
Please find the policy brief here. This policy brief provides recommendations for international donors on providing support to and investing in strengthening the capacities of medium-sized enterprises in Afghanistan and other fragile contexts. With various regional economic projects currently... more
In BICC Policy Brief 5\2018 the authors Katja Mielke and Elke Grawert discuss how Germany can support the agency of Afghans in protracted displacement. Based on their field research, they in particular recommend: \ Take the initiative for Afghanistan in the Global Compact for Migration: For... more
The political situation in Iraq is highly dynamic. After the military defeat of the so-called Islamic State (IS) as a shared effort by the Global Coalition against Daesh in late 2017, parliamentary elections on 12 May 2018 are a chance for overhauling political agendas. With explicit policy... more
In BICC's recent Policy Brief “Towards conflict-sensitive employment in large-scale infrastructure projects in fragile and conflict-affected settings”, Elke Grawert, based on intensive discussions with owners, managers of construction and transport companies as well as employees and workers,... more
On 19 October 2017, BICC (Bonn International Center for Conversion) hosted its annual International Academic Conference entitled “‘Dirty Peace?’ The Political Economy of Peacebuilding” in Bonn. BICC Knowledge Note 1\2018, edited by Elvan Isikozlu and Susanne Heinke documents the conference... more
Programmes of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) are increasingly implemented in contexts of violent extremist conflict. In such settings, DDR practitioners may need to distinguish between ex-combatants who can be safely reintegrated into civilian life, and ex-combatants who are... more
In BICC's recent Policy Brief "War in Syria: UN peacekeeping mission and deal with Russia are imperative", Esther Meininghaus analyses key trends in the Syrian war and stresses the imperative of a UN peace mission as part of a Grand Bargain with Russia. The author outlines the ... more
This article investigates the link between the organizational structure of nonstate armed groups and the ability of low-level combatants to desert without recapture. Throughout, I show that nonstate armed groups can adopt organizational structures that mimic those found in national armies and that... more
This Paper offers a comparative overview of innovation found (globally) specific to reintegration programming, and it reflects upon the utility of these innovative approaches in the socio-political context of South Sudan. It intends to facilitate discussion and development of a context-specific and... more
First and second generation programmes of Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR), are no longer ‘fit for purpose’ in contexts of violent extremism. Recognising this, voices from within the United Nations (UN) system have recently called for the development of a practice framework... more
Civil wars, such as in Syria/ Iraq, Afghanistan, South Sudan or in Donbass persist, as does forced migration as an effect of violent conflicts around the world. Researchers of the peace and conflict research institute BICC (Bonn International Center for Conversion) conduct empirical research and... more
In Policy Brief 8/2017 "After the referendum: How can Germany contribute to de-escalation in Kurdistan–Iraq?, the authors Carina Schlüsing and Katja Mielke outline the following recommendations: \ Review Germany's support mission to the Peshmerga in Iraq In view of a possible... more
When companies operate in fragile and conflict-affected settings (FCAS), they encounter a range of particular problems. Many companies try to protect staff, premises and machinery by hiring security guards. Armed guards escort convoys of trucks. Expenditures for security measures can be quite... more
Since July 2017, the declared liberation of Mosul, Iraq, and the expected fall of Raqqa, Syria, has brought the debate about the survival of so-called Islamic State (Daesh) to the forefront. BICC policy Brief “Jihadi-Salafism in Afghanistan—Beyond Taliban, Al-Qaeda and Daesh” discusses options for... more
According to the largely stalled Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) of 2015, a key component of the transitional security arrangement is the establishment of cantonment sites where fighters assemble to await disarmament, demobilization or force integration. The... more
BICC Working Paper 6\2017 “Making sense of Daesh in Afghanistan: A social movement perspective” builds on a ten-month fieldwork-based research project conducted in four regions—east, west, northeast and north Afghanistan—during 2016. The authors Katja Mielke and Nick Miszak analyze so-called... more
With the aim of identifying the challenges of and motives for conflict-sensitive employment, the authors Elke Grawert (BICC) and Fazalrabi Shirzad (The Liaison Office, TLO) present a qualitative study on construction and transport companies in Afghanistan, based on interviews with company owners... more
Lost in Translation: New Paradigms for the Arab Spring is a contributory work by Middle East experts. As well as political and social analysis of the events and aftermath of the Arab Spring, the work provides a complex of paradigms (ranging from complexity studies to sport) which have thus far... more
This Working Paper focuses on transporters, i. e. hauliers, as important actors in the border areas between Afghanistan and its neighbours Pakistan and Iran. The transport sector is sensitive to market fluctuations and a volatile business environment, reacting strongly with increasing or declining... more
Please find the Peace Report 2017 here. more
This article theorizes and empirically investigates the link between ethnic divisions and terrorist attacks on a local scale. We argue that terrorists in ethnic contexts can use two separate provocation strategies: one targeting the government and one targeting opposing ethnic groups in order to... more
War in the 21st century is more complex, volatile, society based and information intensive than ever before. One could simplify the description of waging war as different combinations of highly modern, traditional and asymmetric components, which, according to the postmodern maxim “anything goes”,... more
We argue that the spatialization of violence in the counterterrorism operations of the War on Terror provides insight for understanding how these operations are legitimized and how they pose a challenge to an international order centered on state sovereignty. Against the background of a discussion... more
Please find the article here. more
The upcoming Syria negotiations in Geneva on 20 February 2017 may prove fundamental in deciding on the future of the country. In their Policy Brief “Safe zones for Syria. Mitigating the Humanitarian Crisis”, BICC researchers Esther Meininghaus and Andreas Heinemann-Grüder discuss the question... more
Please find the abstract (in German) here. more
“Conflict-sensitivity” is a catchword that addresses business practices in environments of armed conflict. The United Nations Global Compact and international finance institutions are devoting efforts into convincing companies to comply with principles aiming to provide the private sector with a... more
This Knowledge Note provides an insight into current realities, behaviour and practices in arms and ammunition storage sites in north-western DR Congo. Tailored recommendations for strengthening ammunition and weapons safety by improving physical security measures and renovating infrastructural... more
This article investigates interdependencies between intervening powers and local dynamics in Afghanistan in general and with a focus on the Kunduz region between 2001 and 2015. Using the concept of „Social Order“ the authors analyse how understandings of contexts and self-understandings of... more
Although it is common for armed groups to splinter (or “fragment”) during contexts of multi-party civil war, current guidance on Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) does not address the challenges that arise when recalcitrant fighters, unwilling to report to DDR, break ranks and... more
Past attempts at security sector reform (SSR) and disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) in South Sudan have made no significant contribution to ‘right-sizing’ the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and were unable to sustainably change South Sudan’s security apparatus. Taking into... more
On 28 October 2015, BICC hosted its annual international conference entitled “Networks of Organised Violence”. The topic of the conference was chosen because of a perceived shift from the primacy of the state to the importance of networks in perpetrating organised violence. Its aim was to view... more
Recent critical interventions challenge the Enlightenment critique of war as the radical antithesis of ‘peace’. The negation of war as an epitome of unreason is, indeed, dangerous to the extent that it tends to excite pacifying ‘wars against war’. Yet, what follows from this? The article argues... more
The Arab Uprisings have brought renewed attention to the role of the military in the MENA region, where they are either the backbone of regime power or a crucial part of patronage networks in political systems. This collection of essays from international experts examines the economic interests of... more
This article argues that humanitarian aid in intra-state conflict plays a crucial but largely unrecognised role in shaping the preconditions for negotiations for peace and post-conflict reconstruction. Drawing on a spatial theory approach, it identifies the role of humanitarian aid as not being... more
Please find the book here. more
The challenge of maintaining dictatorial regimes through control, co-option and coercion while upholding a facade of legitimacy is something that has concerned leaders throughout the Middle East and beyond. Nowhere is this more evident than in the Syria ruled by the Asads, both Hafiz and his son... more
Russia’s foreign policy decision-making process is an enigma. Four explanations compete in order to understand Russia’s Ukraine policy: offensive interpretations, including imperial readings, defensive neorealism, a situational and a domestic politics interpretation. The article discusses the... more
Elvan Isikozlu, researcher at BICC, comments on the aftermath of the Paris attacks. She argues that “the discourse following the attacks has been full of generalisations, oversimplifications and dichotomies, none of which help to better grasp who and what we in the West are dealing with.”She comes... more
The Darfur conflict is part of a bigger lasting violent conflict that had been latent since the 1980 s and erupted massively between 2003 and 2006. Characterized by national conflict constellations within Sudan and South Sudan, as well as violent conflicts crossing borders. International actors are... more
What could be the lessons of the Ukraine conflict for German and European politics? On the backdrop of deep divisions in Germany and the EU over an appropriate Russia policy, the article discusses three options. A policy of appeasement and détente aims at a balance of power among the great powers... more
In their commentary on the return of the Taliban to Kunduz, Katja Mielke and Conrad Schetter, researchers at BICC, call for a critical analysis of the Bundeswehr deployment to Afghanistan. “The question isn’t whether or not more soldiers ought to be deployed to Afghanistan, but rather what has been... more
On the occasion of its 20th anniversary, the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) hosted a two-day international academic conference on “Facing Organised Violence: Research Agendas and Conversion Potentials” from 27 to 28 October 2014 in Bonn. The aim of the conference was to approach... more
Please find the Peace Report 2015 here. more
Stuttgart: Borntraeger (Studienbücher der Geographie) 2015. more
Please find the book here. more
In the “Report on the Work of the Arms Registration and Marking (ARM) Program and on Community Security and Arms Control (CSAC) in West Darfur (in Arabic)" Dr Sami Faltas presents the results of his field research in West Darfur, Sudan. The study was assigned by BICC and the Sudan DDR... more
In the “Report on the Work of the Arms Registration and Marking (ARM) Program and on Community Security and Arms Control (CSAC) in West Darfur” Dr Sami Faltas presents the results of his field research in West Darfur, Sudan. The study was assigned by BICC and the Sudan DDR Commission (SDDRC). The... more
Please find the research report here. more
Please find the article here. more
In the study “Auswärtige Kultur-und Bildungspolitik in Staaten im Umbruch am Beispiel Myanmars”, Anna Kaitinnis, visiting researcher at BICC in 2013, looks at the complicated process of democratization of Myanmar under its military dictatorship and the role German foreign cultural and education... more
Why do non-state armed groups forcibly recruit civilians? To address this question I develop a conceptual framework distinguishing voluntary, coerced and forced recruitment. I then compare the recruitment tactics employed by ‘Mai-Mai’ militias and the RCD-Goma rebel group in the Democratic Republic... more
Please find the the book here. more
Please find the book here. more
Please find the article here. more
Only rarely does one experience such a unanimous and clear commitment to a new direction Germany’s foreign policy is taking as at the security conference late January in Munich. In unison, Federal President Joachim Gauck, Foreign Minister Walter Steinmeier and Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen... more
One nation becoming two- looking into an arduous process ridden with violence, and sketching out the struggles with the legacies of an already troubled history, are the motivations for this publication on the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan. The governments and societies of the... more
The new Demobilisation, Disarmament and Reintegration Programme (NDDRP) in the Republic of South Sudan was launched by the National Demobilisation, Disarmament and Reintegration Commission (NDDRC) on behalf of the South Sudanese government in 2012. A pilot program started in April 2013 and is due... more
This article presents findings from long-term empirical fieldwork and archival research into current and historical patterns of governance in north-eastern Afghanistan, conducted between 2006 and 2009. Despite the long civil war, striking continuities have been found in the make-up and functioning... more
Please find the book here. more
Paper prepared for the Annual Middle East Association (MESA) Convention October 10–13 2013. New Orleans, USA. more
Peace activists, politicians, and the military ask for more capacities in civil conflict transformation. However, the contribution of NGOs depends on context. Civil conflict transformation necessitates a minimum of civilization, it does not solve issues of manifest violence. The nature of the... more
Please find the book here. more
After a sketch of the current need for reform in the Kimberley Process for rough diamonds, BICC Focus 12 “Legacy of a resource-fueled war: The role of generals in Angola’s mining sector” scrutinizes the role that generals of the Angolan state armed forces FAA play in Angola’s mining... more
Please find the article here. more
In: Africa & Francophonie. Air & Space Power Journal, Volume 1, 2013/1, pp. 68-88. "The Military in Egypt. Peacemaker with Expiration Date?" more
Security is a social practice which constitutes different formations of political order. Developing a political economy of security practice, BICC Senior Researcher Dr. Marc von Boemcken distinguishes these formations with a view to the actual exchanges between various providers and receivers of... more
In: Zenith, Zeitschrift für den Orient. more
In: Andreas Heinemann-Grüder und Isabell Bauer (eds.). Zivile Konfliktbearbeitung. Vom Anspruch zur Wirklichkeit. Leverkusen: Buderich Verlag, pp. 122–32. more
In: Detlef Müller-Mahn (ed.). Spatial Dimension of Risk. London: Earthscan: 97-108. more
How should development actors deal with private security companies? This BICC publication summarizes the main findings from field research led by Marc von Boemcken on private security companies in three developing countries: Timor-Leste, Liberia and Peru. Each summary focuses on the specific... more
Peripherie 32 (126/127. 147-170). Räume des Ausnahmezustands. Carl Schmitts Raumphilosophie, Frontiers und Ungoverned Territories more
In: Heiko Pleines, Andreas Heinrich (eds.): Challenges of the Caspian Resource Boom: Domestic Elites and Policy-Making, Houndmills: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 58-69. more
In: Zenith Zeitschrift für den Orient. more
In: Bernhard Chiari (ed.). Auftrag Auslandseinsatz. Neueste Militärgeschichte an der Schnittstelle von Geschichtswissenschaft, Politik, Öffentlichkeit und Streitkräften. Freiburg i. Br.: Rombach: 307-320. more
In: Thomas Mergel (ed.). Krisen verstehen. Historische und kulturwissenschaftliche Annäherungen. Frankfurt a.M.: Campus. more
In: Volker Franke and Robin Dorff (eds.). The Whole of Government Approach and US Policy. Carlisle PA: US Army War College, pp. 99-106. more
In: Marcus Schaper (ed.). Good Enough Governance? Loccumer Protokoll / Tagungsdokumentation, pp. 80–90. more
In: Orient 2: 24-34. The COIN strategy of the US Military was conceived as a response to the lack of strategy in the intervention in Afghanistan. An analysis of the core elements and a presentation of the major political connections of the intervention suggest that on this basis they cannot... more
Geographische Rundschau 2: 26-33. more
2012, Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 135, Halle, Authors: Christian Højbjerg, Jacqueline Knörr, Christoph Kohl, Markus Rudolf, Anita Schroven, Wilson Trajano Filho more
Commercial security affects a number of development-related factors, such as the capacity of states to govern, overall feelings of public safety, economic growth and social welfare.Findings from field research in Timor-Leste, Liberia and Peru indicate that the relation between commercial security... more
Forschung DSF No. 24. Osnabrück: Deutsche Stiftung Friedensforschung. more
Sicherheit und Frieden 29 (4. 232-236). more
In: Conrad Schetter & Jörgen Klussmann (eds.). Der Taliban-Komplex. Zwischen Aufstandsbewegung und Militäreinsatz. Frankfurt a.M. Campus: 135-160. more
(zus. mit Yanti Hölzchen), in: Swen Steinberg, Daniel K.W. Trepsdorf, Christoph Wielepp (Hrsg.), Nach dem Umbruch. Transformationen in europäischer und globaler Perspektive, Berlin: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin, pp. 179-192. more
In: Digital Development Debates, Issue 5 more
In Thomas Jäger and Rasmus Beckmann (eds.). Handbuch Kriegstheorien. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag, pp. 522‑34. more
In: Friedensgutachten 2011. Münster: 208-222. more
In: Margret Johannsen, Bruno Schoch,Corinna Hauswedell, Tobias Debiel and Christiane Fröhlich (eds.). Friedensgutachten 2011. Berlin: Lit Verlag, pp. 223–34. more
Armed Forces and Society, Vol. 37, pp. 725–42. more
“Wartime rape-A Typology” aims at developing a typology of wartime rape as a first step toward understanding the different consequences of this form of violence in war. This typology is based on the examination of wartime rape in Bosnia and Herzegovina and El Salvador as well on a review of the... more
In: Thomas Jäger & Rasmus Beckmann (eds.). Handbuch Kriegstheorien. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag: 522-534. more
Development and Cooperation D+C, Vol. 52, No. 3, p. 130. “New Start, Old Baggage” (comment on South Sudan’s independence /“debate”) more
Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit E+Z, Vol. 52, No. 3, p. 130. “Neubeginn mit Altlasten” (Kommentar zur Unabhängigkeit des Südsudan /„Debatte“) more
München: C.H. Beck (Beck’sche Reihe) 3. Auflage 2011. more
In Christoph Schuck (ed.). Security in a Changing Global Environment. Challenging the Human Security Approach. Baden-Baden: Nomos, pp. 327‑54. more
In: "Mande Studies" 11/ 2011. more
Woodbridge:James Currey / Boydell & Brewer. more
In: Elke Grawert (ed.). After the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in Sudan. Woodbridge: James Currey / Boydell & Brewer, pp. 1–26. more
In: Elke Grawert (ed.). After the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in Sudan. Woodbridge: James Currey / Boydell & Brewer, pp. 241–261. more
In: Elke Grawert (ed.). After the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in Sudan. Woodbridge: James Currey / Boydell & Brewer, pp. 265–284. more
In: Geographica Helvetica 65 (3. 181-188). „Ungoverned territories“ – Eine konzeptuelle Innovation im „War on Terror“. more
BICC brief 43 “Towards a Typology of wartime rape” aims at developing a typology of wartime rape as a first step toward understanding the different consequences of this form of violence in war. This typology is based on the examination of wartime rape in Bosnia and Herzegovina and El Salvador as... more
Participator Capacity Assessment of SSDDRC. Mission report (9 July until 7 August 2010). Juba: SSDDRC / BICC more
This Occasional Paper analyzes the photographic reporting of the German daily newspapers Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ) and Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ) about the Gaza war (2008/2009).This paper is based on the assumption that photographic reporting as photojournalistic war photography represents... more
In: Welttrends 73, Juli/August, pp. 97‑99. more
Research Report. Psycho-social intervention needs among ex-combatants in South Sudan. Juba: SSDDRC / BICC more
In: Christiane Froehlich et al. (eds). Friedensgutachten 2010. Berlin: Lit Verlag, pp. 219–27. more
Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik, 2, pp. 169-179. more
In Conrad Schetter et al. (eds.). Grenzen Asiens. zwischen Globalisierung und staatlicher Fragmentierung. (=Bonner Asienstudien, Bd. 4). Hamburg: EB-Verlag, pp. 221‑46. more
In Bernhard Chiari and Magnus Pahl (eds.). Wegweiser zur Geschichte. Auslandseinsätze der Bundeswehr. Paderborn: Schöningh, pp. 207‑15. more
In Bernhard Chiari and Magnus Pahl (eds.). Wegweiser zur Geschichte. Auslandseinsätze der Bundeswehr. Paderborn: Schöningh, pp. 217‑27. more
In Josef Braml, Thomas Risse and Eberhard Sandschneider (eds.). Einsatz für den Frieden. Sicherheit und Entwicklung in Räumen begrenzter Staatlichkeit. München/Oldenbourg: Jahrbücher des Forschungsinstituts der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik Bd. 28, pp. 114‑22. more
In: Outre Terre. Revue européenne de géopolitique 24: 129-143. more
"And They Are Still Targeting: Assessing the Effectiveness of Targeted Sanctions Against Zimbabwe." Africa Spectrum, 45 (1), pp. 3-29. more
S + F, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 35–41. “Wartime Rape: Identifying Knowledge Gaps and their Implications” more
The main purpose of this Occasional Paper is to provide a humanitarian perspective to the ongoing debate about PRTs as a role model for civil-military relations. It will analyze the security dilemma in Afghanistan and the impact of the PRTs on the delivery of humanitarian aid. It will further... more
In Stig Förster, Christian Jansen and Günther Kronenbitter (eds.). Die Rückkehr der Condottieri? Krieg und Militär zwischen staatlichem Monopol und Privatisierung: Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Paderborn: Schöningh-Verlag (Reihe: Krieg in der Geschichte), pp. 297–309. more
Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, No. 34–35, pp. 33–8. “Piraterie vor der afrikanischen Küste und ihre Ursachen [Piracy on the African coast and its causes]” more
In Michael Brzoska and George A. Lopez (eds.). Putting Teeth in the Tiger: Improving the Effectiveness of Arms Embargoes. Bingley: Emerald more
In Michael Brzoska and George A. Lopez (eds.). Putting Teeth in the Tiger: Improving the Effectiveness of Arms Embargoes. Bingley: Emerald more
In: Jochen Hippler et al. (eds.). Friedensgutachten 2009. Berlin: Lit Verlag, pp. 149–60. more
This Occasional Paper focuses on the analysis of individual measures fostering democratic peace consolidation in Sierra Leone. Following a theoretical introduction, the political history of Sierra Leone is described briefly. The main part consists of the presentation and evaluation of the... more
Journal of Conflict Studies, Vol. 29. “Private Guns: The Social Identity of Security Contractors" more
Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag. more
In Bernhard Chiari (ed.). Wegweiser zur Geschichte: Afghanistan. Paderborn: Schöningh, pp. 157‑67. more
In Middle East Institute (ed.). Afghanistan, 1979-2009: In the Grip of Conflict. Viewpoints. Special Edition. Washington, DC, pp. 118‑21. more
In Hans-Georg Ehrhart and Charles C. Pentland (eds.). The Afghanistan Challenge. Hard Realities and Strategic Choices. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, pp. 37‑56. more
In Sabine Collmer (ed.). From Fragile State to Functioning State: Pathways to Democratic Transformation in Georgia, Kosovo, Moldova, and Afghanistan. Berlin: LIT/Transaction Press, pp. 141‑60. more
Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 595–614. “Cross-border Dynamics of Violent Conflict: The Case of Sudan and Chad.” more
In Walter Feichtinger et al. (eds.). Private Sicherheits- und Militärfirmen. Konkurrenten – Partner – Totengräber? Wien: Böhlau Verlag, pp. 47–66. more
In Niklas Schörnig and Jan Helmig (eds.). Die Transformation der Streitkräfte im 21. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt/M.: Campus Verlag, pp. 81–102. more
Most experts agree that sustainable peace consolidation demands more than a mere end of violence. Besides the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) of ex-combatants and the re-establishment of national security and the state monopoly of violence it also needs the establishment and... more
In: Informationszentrum Dritte Welt, No. 304, p. 36. more
Security sector reform (SSR) is on top of the Palestinian reform agenda. Palestinians want effective and accountable security forces that respond to their security needs. For them, security sector reform is also necessary to advance Palestinian state-building. However, many political organisations... more
BICC brief 35 presents the findings of the BICC Project “Analysis of the implementation of DD&R (Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration) in Aceh Province, Indonesia”, deriving from interviews conducted with a variety of actors in Aceh in November 2006, and the analysis of secondary... more
This study presents the concept of UN integrated peace missions and, by looking at three examples, analyzes its practical implementation. The missions under review (mission in Haiti—MINUSTAH; in Sudan—UNMIS, and in Liberia—UNMIL) show that the concept is applied differently with varying degrees of... more
The cocoa trade from Côte d’Ivoire, the country’s main commodity has played a major role in the four-and-a-half-years of armed conflict. Over US $118 million revenues from the cocoa trade flowed into the conflict by funding both the government and the rebel group ‘Forces Nouvelles (FN)’ in the... more
The issue 'diaspora' is seeing a revival in political discussion today. One of the factors determining this revival is the debate on improving the chances of integration for migrants; another one is the discussion on the challenges arising from the increasing influx of people from poor countries... more
The elections on 11 December 2006, at which the people of Aceh were able to directly elect their governor for the first time, can be regarded as the climax of the peace process in Indonesia to date; a process which began with the signing of the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in August... more
This concept paper puts forward a theoretical model for identifying and classifying types of causes of militant behavior. This model is intended to help improve the structure of pro-active prevention measures. BICC is thus providing a methodical contribution to identifying how a policy of crisis... more
This analysis attempts to sum up and compare existing mechanisms in OECD member states for early warning and the prevention of crises. Based on this analysis, the comparative advantages of single measures are to be presented. At the same time, recommendations for future engagement will be... more
The deployment of the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) in Darfur has been stylized on several occasions as a test case for the new African security architecture. However, before the failure of the Mission is attested, this BICC Focus will investigate the background and operating conditions of... more
Nowadays water security is an essential component both of the national security of individual states and of international security, because all dimensions of an extended security concept (food security, economic security, environmental security, human security at large) are dependent on water... more
The first section of the paper provides an assessment of the current state of the ‘peace’ process: Political and security-related developments of the past years are analyzed with a special focus on continuities and changes of politico-economic structures and networks of its former war economy. This... more
In the context of the discourse on ‘new wars’, in which economic motives and agendas are of major importance, increasing attention is being focused on the role of the private business sector in contemporary violent conflicts and wars. Private business can contribute both to the outbreak of violent... more
Paper 43 is a result of a cooperation between the Colombian foundation “Ideas para la Paz”, the Universidad de los Andes, and the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC), which started in 2002 at a conference in Bogota entitled “Voces y opciones del desarme: Enseñanzas adquiridas de la... more
BICC brief 31, issued jointly by the Geneva Center for the Democratic Control of the Armed Forces (DCAF) and the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC), is the product of a series of activities conducted by these organizations on “Demobilization and Reintegration in the Western... more
This report has been written to reflect some of the debates between different actors and partners involved in the process of demobilization and reintegration of former combatants in Afghanistan, and to examine the planning, coordination and early implementation of UNICEF’s program to demobilize and... more
The overall aim of this paper is to provide an understanding of the role external actors play in Somalia’s war economy. To achieve this, the study will take a close look at the impact of international economic agents; that is, individuals, groups of people, corporations and institutions based... more
BICC brief 30 documents the international conference “Promoting Security: But How and For Whom?” which took place on from 1 to 2 April 2004 in Bonn and was dedicated to BICC’s 10th anniversary.The conference discussed six topics, each of which was to be deliberated in its own discussion... more
In the political arena, the revenue from oil had a direct impact on the delicate balance of military power between the Government of Sudan and its principal enemy, the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). This report analyzes how the funds from the oil boom have allowed the government side to buy... more
BICC brief 28 documents the e-conference “Afghanistan: Assessing the Progress of Security Sector Reform, One Year After the Geneva Conference”, which took place from 4 to 11 June 2003. About 100 participants, amongst them representatives of international organizations, research institutes and civil... more
BICC brief 27 summarizes the insights gained and lessons learned from the downsizing of the armed forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the wake of the Dayton Peace Accords (DPA) of December 1995.The three major reintegration projects covered by this report (two World Bank projects and one run... more
João Porto and Imogen Parsons have provided a vital ‘road map’ to current efforts aimed at achieving peaceful demilitarization in Angola. Through their carefully considered study of the dynamics involved in a complex phenomena – made doubly so by institutional density, shifting agendas on the part... more
BICC brief 26 concerns Eastern Europe’s management of reintegration of military servicemen into civilian life. It looks particularly at the experiences gathered in Ukraine, Russia, Poland and Hungary after the demise of socialism. The prime goal is to generalize experiences, identify shortcomings... more
After systematically detailing the current security situation in the various regions of Afghanistan, with analyses of particularly ominous security breakdowns, this report will examine factors that have emerged in the context of the reconstruction process that have exacerbated insecurity. The... more
After 30 years of armed struggle for independence, Eritrea enjoyed only seven years of peace before war with neighboring Ethiopia broke out again and still is under way. In the short peaceful interval, tremendous efforts were deployed not only to rebuild the country’s material infrastructure, which... more
Decision-making on security sectors is dominated by elites, particularly military elites, because of unequal power and knowledge relations. In strengthening the institutions of accountability it is important to give high priority to strengthening the capacity of civilians to manage and monitor the... more
This paper will consider what the gender-aware demobilization, disarmament and reintegration that is called for in the Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, adopted by the Security Council on October 31, 2000, might look like. In it it will be shown how gender awareness in the earliest... more
BICC brief 22 “Burying the Hatchet-The Decommissioning of Paramilitary Arms in Northern Ireland” reflects the research of a joint project of BICC and INCORE. The project aims to monitor the implementation of the Belfast Agreement and to analyse the governing provisions of the peace accord with... more
BICC brief 20 “Wag the Dog” is about the creation of the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) in the 1990s as well as the dissolution of the guerilla force after the establishment of a protectorate under the aegis of the United Nations and NATO in Summer 1999.More than two years later, this is... more
The study of any set of conversion measures should not simply be, therefore, an examination of the practical techniques used, it should also involve an appreciation of the nature of the peace process itself. In this brief overview of the measures used in Northern Ireland to release and reintegrate... more
Five papers are published in BICC brief 15 “Security Sector Reform”, originally presented at an international BICC conference entitled “The Contribution of Disarmament and Conversion to Conflict Prevention and its Relevance for Development Cooperation”. more
In the past few years, several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa conducted large scale demobilizations. These are positive signs and create opportunities for sustainable peace and human development. However, demobilization appears to be a complex process. It is closely linked to security issues; and... more
This Paper reviews reductions in armed forces and opposition forces of Central American countries and the context of each demobilization experience. A brief background of the Central American peace process and the resolution of conflicts in Nicaragua and El Salvador will illustrate how a trend... more
The ultimate objective of all demobilization and reintegration efforts should be to improve the welfare of people. At the same time, people and their capabilities are considered an important means and instrument in achieving the various economic, social and political objectives of the... more
BICC brief 4 “Demobilization in the Horn of Africa” is about a workshop on Demobilization and Reintegration in the Horn of Africa was organized by the International Resource Group on Disarmament and Security in the Horn of Africa (IRG), in cooperation with the Ad Hoc Committee for Peace and... more
In: Günter Meyer et al. (eds.). Staatlichkeit in der Dritten Welt – Fragile und gescheiterte Staaten als Entwicklungsproblem. Mainz: Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz (Veröffentlichungen des interdisziplinären Arbeitskreises Dritte Welt Bd. 22), pp. 127–42. more
