The strict encampment policy enforced by Tanzanian authorities in the last years made it harder for displaced persons to settle outside camps. The article showcases possible impacts of policy changes on the legal, social and economic position of once relatively well-integrated urban refugees. Many refugees that had formerly managed to integrate successfully into the urban space of Dar es Salaam as workers, artists, entrepreneurs, or service providers were increasingly forced into illegality, faced more systemic discrimination, and became prone to exploitation and threats. The paper argues that the likelihood of urban refugees to nevertheless stand their ground depends on a relational set of factors in which class background plays a decisive role on various levels.

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