The ultimate objective of all demobilization and reintegration efforts should be to improve the welfare of people. At the same time, people and their capabilities are considered an important means and instrument in achieving the various economic, social and political objectives of the demobilization and reintegration process. Demobilization of combatants frees human potentials that can contribute to achieving these objectives if available skills and competence are used effectively and if people without any, or with only few skills are endowed with useful skills and qualifications. This Paper will focus on human resource management of former combatants. Although ex-fighters are only one conflict-affected target group in post-conflict societies, there seems to be a consensus that (for various reasons) former fighters should receive special attention, in particular during the demobilization phase.