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[Page] Way Forward_Panelists

• Summer BrownSummer Brown is a PhD researcher at the International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University in The Hague Her research focuses on how national nongovernmental organisations in South Sudan engage with international agendas and approaches including the humanitariandevelopmentpeace HDP nexus and localisation She is also a senior level consultant who has more than 25 years of experience advising and supporting organisations to develop and evaluate their policies ...

[Project] Support for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) in South Sudan (capacity-building component)

• South Sudan, the world’s youngest state, is facing enormous challenges following its official foundation on 9 July 2011. The military and security sector currently accounts for more than half of the state’s expenditure, leaving little money for development projects. The South Sudanese government has recognized this problem and has declared the long-term reduction of the defense budget one of its major development goals. The program for the disarmament, demobilization an...
• Support for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) in South Sudan (capacity-building component)

[Project] 9th International South Sudan and Sudan Studies Conference

• The International Sudan Studies Conference, a regular academic exchange opportunity provided by the Sudan Studies Association USA and the Sudan Studies Society UK, has been convened at changing venues every three years for nearly three decades. In 2012, Bonn was chosen as the venue, and it was the first time that this conference took place in Germany, organized by the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC). To bring together scholars from South Sudan and Sudan for the first...
• Identity, Economy, Power Relations and External Interests: Old and New Challenges for Sudan and South Sudan"

[Project] Support and capacity-building in stockpile management of SALW, ammunition and surplus weapons in the Republic of South Sudan

• South Sudan became a sovereign state last year. Recent months have shown just how fragile progress towards development and peace actually is. The high proliferation of small arms and light weapons is also a problematic legacy of the former civil war. BICC is conducting a project financed by the German Foreign Office to support the Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control (CSSAC) at the South Sudan Ministry of the Interior. The aim is to help improve the stor...
• Support and capacity-building in stockpile management of SALW, ammunition and surplus weapons in the Republic of South Sudan

[Project] Training in small arms control in South Sudan

• Sudan has suffered from conflict and war for more than 50 years. In January 2005, a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed, formally putting to an end the civil war between the North (Government of Sudan-GOS) and the South (Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement-SPLA/M). While the CPA aims at establishing peace and stability in Sudan, the security situation in the South remains fragile. One reason is the presence of small arms and light weapons (SALW) which are widespread in the region....
• Training in small arms control in South Sudan

[Project] Socio-economic repercussions of Chinese oil investments in South Sudan

• The BICC research project “Socio-economic repercussions of Chinese oil investments in South Sudan”, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ), analyzes the consequences of oil production at the local level in Melut County, Upper Nile State. During a four-week field research, two BICC researchers studied the community development projects of the oil consortium Petrodar Operational Company PDOC—of which Chinese and Malaysian parastat...
• Socio-economic repercussions of Chinese oil investments in South Sudan

[Event] National PSSM training in East Africa in Juba, South Sudan

• In close cooperation with the National Focal Point for SALW control, the Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control (BCSSAC), RECSA and BICC conducted a five-day national PSSM training in Juba for members of the South Sudanese national authorities and security forces.
• Friday, 13 December 2019: In close cooperation with the National Focal Point for SALW control, the Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control (BCSSAC), RECSA and BICC conducted a five-day national PSSM training in Juba for members of the South Sudanese national authorities and security forces.

[Publication] Forging Two Nations Insights on Sudan and South Sudan

• Forging Two Nations Insights on Sudan and South Sudan
• One nation becoming two- looking into an arduous process ridden with violence, and sketching out the struggles with the legacies of an already troubled history, are the motivations for this publication on the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan. The governments and societies of the two countries are facing challenges of internal disunity and deepening social and economic cleavages. Armed fighting for inclusion in positions of power, for access to resources and economic...

[Project] Capacity-building on SALW control and DD&R in Southern Sudan

• From August 2007 to March 2008, BICC implemented a capacity-building project on small arms control and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DD&R) in Southern Sudan. Working with local partners, members of civil society and the Government of Southern Sudan (GOSS), BICC delivered four workshops on various aspects of small arms and light weapons (SALW) control and another four training courses on DD&R. In addition, BICC worked with local media and outreach groups to raise awarenes...

[Event] Local Perspectives on the HDP Nexus – Insights from Mali, Iraq, and South Sudan

• Dissemination Workshop (online)
• Tuesday, 18 March 2025: On Tuesday, 18 March 2025, from 10:00 to 12:00, the online dissemination workshop "Local Perspectives on the HDP Nexus – Insights from Mali, Iraq, and South Sudan" will present findings from the three-year research project "How can the HDP Nexus Succeed? NGOs Between Humanitarian Aid, Development Assistance and Peacebuilding." This public event will be held in English with translation into French and Arabic.

[Project] Policy and technical advice in the field of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR)/security sector transformation (SST) in South Sudan

• This project allows BICC to continue its engagement in activities related to disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) and security sector transformation (SST) in South Sudan and, thus, builds on previous DDR/security sector reform projects in South Sudan implemented by BICC between 2006 and 2014. The project aims at supporting the broader policy debate on SSR/DDR in South Sudan and provides technical and policy advice to institutions implementing...
• Policy and technical advice in the field of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR)/security sector transformation (SST) in South Sudan

[Publication] Making a living in rural Sudan.

Food Production of Women, Labour Migration of Men, and Policies for Peasants' Need. This book was first published in Basingstoke/London/New York by MacMillan Press / St. Martin's Press in 1998. The rights have been reverted to the author, Elke Grawert, in 2007. Reproduction, copy of transmission of this publication may be made if author and source is quoted according to academic standards.  The Darfur crisis has brought Sudan back to public attention since the outbreak of violence...

[PDF Document] Spotlight_on_HDP_in_South Sudan.pdf   (2.21 MB)

[PDF Document] PB_5_17_cantonment_South_Sudan.pdf   (163.38 KB)

[Publication] Back to turmoil: Refugee and IDP return to and within South Sudan

• Back to turmoil: Refugee and IDP return to and within South Sudan
• In BICC Working Paper 7\2016 Heidrun Bohnet investigates the challenges South Sudanese returnees and displaced persons face from their very own perspective. Building on field research in the autumn and winter of 2015, the author analyses the patterns of return and coping strategies of returnees, as well as any assistance that aid agencies can provide. The findings indicate that return is neither a simple, linear nor necessarily durable solution. From the viewpoint of the returnees, ...

[Project] Governance and Social Action in Sudan after the Peace Agreement of January 2005: local, national, and regional dimensions

• "Governance and Social Action in Sudan after the Peace Agreement of January 2005: local, national, and regional dimensions" is a cooperative research project between scholars from German and African research institutions. It is sponsored by the Volkswagen Foundation within the program “Knowledge for Tomorrow: Cooperative Research Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa - Political, Economic, and Social Dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa”. BICC has taken over the German partnership for the final project perio...

[Publication] Establishing a mining sector in postwar South Sudan.

• Establishing a mining sector in postwar South Sudan.
• This report is based on research conducted in Juba, Torit, and Kapoeta during August and September 2012. The research provides an initial examination on the underdocumented issue of mining in South Sudan and seeks to provide the government of South Sudan with evidence-based recommendations that can help it to develop a regulatory framework that will provide equitable benefits to all concerned parties. This report was made possible thro...

[Publication] Spotlight on Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus Implementation in South Sudan

• Spotlight on Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus Implementation in South Sudan
• This Spotlight on South Sudan is part of a larger study on the implementation of the humanitarian–development–peace (HDP) nexus approach, which aims to make humanitarian and development interventions more sustainable in conflict-affected and fragile contexts and to combine them with a peacebuilding component. The Spotlight highlights the specific opportunities and challenges of the HDP nexus in South Sudan and emphasises the need to rethink how localisation in the HDP a...

[Publication] Innovation in reintegration programming: Which approaches can be relevant for South Sudan?.

• Innovation in reintegration programming: Which approaches can be relevant for South Sudan?.
• This Paper offers a comparative overview of innovation found (globally) specific to reintegration programming, and it reflects upon the utility of these innovative approaches in the socio-political context of South Sudan. It intends to facilitate discussion and development of a context-specific and fit-for-purpose reintegration programme in South Sudan once peace has been restored in the country by providing a toolbox of options, which may be used by policymakers in fut...

[PDF Document] TrainingReport_SudanPSSM_Sep2017.pdf   (3.2 MB)

[Publication] South Sudan’s stalled peace process—security arrangements in need of adjustment

• South Sudan’s stalled peace process—security arrangements in need of adjustment
• According to the largely stalled Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) of 2015, a key component of the transitional security arrangement is the establishment of cantonment sites where fighters assemble to await disarmament, demobilization or force integration. The cantonment process was supposed to start soon after the signing of the agreement, but due to enormous delays in the implementation of the transitional security arrangements and the return...

[Publication] In need of a critical re-think: Security sector reform in South Sudan

• In need of a critical re-think: Security sector reform in South Sudan
• Past attempts at security sector reform (SSR) and disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) in South Sudan have made no significant contribution to ‘right-sizing’ the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and were unable to sustainably change South Sudan’s security apparatus. Taking into account lessons learned from previous DDR and SSR attempts, this Working Paper provides hints as to what the key aspects are that need to be re-considered to improve on secur...

[Image] Wheelbarrows_South_Sudan.JPG

[Publication] The Challenge of Managing State-owned Small Arms and Light Weapons in South Sudan

• The Challenge of Managing State-owned Small Arms and Light Weapons in South Sudan
• Countries emerging from a long period of armed conflict have to find solutions for getting widespread possession of small arms and light weapons (SALW) and related trade flows under control. The Republic of South Sudan (RSS) is a case in point. According to estimates, 2.7 million SALW are available in the whole of the former Sudan, with around 720,000 in the hands of civilians in the RSS1. The reasons for small arms possession in the RSS vary greatly. Cattle raiding is just one exam...

[Project] SARCOM: Sub-regional small arms control mechanism - Sudan, Chad etc.

• Since November 2012, BICC is supporting efforts to control the proliferation of small arms and light weapons in Sudan and its Western and Southern neighbours CAR, Chad, DRC, Libya and South Sudan, which signed a treating forming the Sub-regional Arms Control Mechanism (SARCOM). The project works at different levels: at the local level in West Darfur, BICC supports community-based efforts at SALW control and armed violence reduction through local committees of traditional leaders. At...

[Publication] Impact assessment of oil exploitation in South Sudan using multi-temporal landsat imagery

• Impact assessment of oil exploitation in South Sudan using multi-temporal landsat imagery
• This scientific report examines the spatial impacts of oil exploitation in Melut County, South Sudan, at six points in the time span between 1999 and 2011, based on Landsat satellite data. Three features were analysed: cropland, oil well pads and roads. Feature extraction consisted of pixel- and object-based classification approaches as well as on-screen digitization. Land cover classification was performed as a base for further object-based classification of cropland areas and oil ...

[Publication] How can the HDP Nexus Work From the Bottom Up?

• A Discussion Paper on Implementation Challenges from a Decolonial Perspective. Insights from Iraq, Mali and South Sudan
• The humanitarian-development-peace (HDP) nexus is designed to render humanitarian responses topopulations in need more sustainable by better linking the three fields of H, D and P activities and addressing the root causes of conflicts. This “New Way of Working” decided at the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit was not only a response to protracted, multiple crises but also a response to a widespread popular discontent withthe existing system of humanitarian aid. Accordingly, calls to decolonise aid ...

[Publication] How can the HDP Nexus Work from the Bottom Up?_arabisch

• A Discussion Paper on Implementation Challenges from a Decolonial Perspective. Insights from Iraq, Mali and South Sudan
• The humanitarian-development-peace (HDP) nexus is designed to render humanitarian responses topopulations in need more sustainable by better linking the three fields of H, D and P activities and addressing the root causes of conflicts. This “New Way of Working” decided at the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit was not only a response to protracted, multiple crises but also a response to a widespread popular discontent withthe existing system of humanitarian aid. Accordingly, calls to decolonise aid ...

[Image] Small Arms Ammo South Sudan .jpg

[Project] Protected rather than protracted—Strengthening refugees and peace

• The majority of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) find themselves displaced for more than five years—either in their own or in neighbouring countries. Of the three durable solutions for these so-called protracted refugee situations—local integration, resettlement in third countries and repatriation—the latter is still considered to be the best option by most stakeholders. Yet, due to the increasing prevalence of protracted conflicts worldwide, voluntary return often is not possibl...

[Staff] Dr Ester Serra Mingot

• Senior Researcher
• PhD in Social Anthropology/Human Geography 2018Ester completed her Bachelor’s degree in Translation and Interpreting at the University of Alicante (Spain). After working several years as an interpreter, language teacher and tour guide in the Middle East, she conducted a Masters in International Relations, Safety and Development at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain), with focus in Middle Eastern politics and the role of women in the Egyptian Arab Spring. In 2013, she finished an Erasm...

[PDF Document] pfg_Jahrgang_2016_Heft_4_p211-223_Impact_Assessment_of_Oil_Exploitation_in_South_Sudan_using_Multi_Temporal_Landsat_Imagery_87250.pdf   (369.88 KB)

[Project] Support and consultancy on small arms control in Sudan

• BICC is working within the framework of a training and consultancy project funded by the German Federal Foreign Offi ce (AA) to support the Sudan Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (SDDRC) in planning and coordinating small arms control measures at the national level as well as at the community level in various parts of Sudan, and in intensifying initial moves to cooperate with neighboring countries.

[Image] Spotlight_on_HDP_in_South Sudan.jpg

[Image] Forging_Two_Nations_Insights_on_Sudan_and_South_Sudan_Grawert_C.jpg

[Publication] After the comprehensive peace agreement in Sudan

Please find the book here.

[Publication] Protecting across borders: Sudanese families across the Netherlands, the UK and Sudan.

Please find the Doctoral Thesis here.

[Project] Small Arms Control in Africa

• This project continues the work undertaken in previous projects:  Capacity development and advice on SALW control in Africa (August 2018 - March 2021)  Physical security and stockpile management (PSSM), capacity development and technical advice in West Africa (January 2016 - July 2018) Physical security and stockpile management (PSSM), capacity development and technical advice in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa (January 2016 - July 2018)  Our work is based on a multi-level approa...

[Project] TRESA – Training and Education on Small Arms

• BICC's TRESA project (Training and Education on Small Arms), which was launched in 2003, develops training material on small arms control. Training courses have already taken place, for example in Colombia and South Sudan. The training modules can be used throughout the world and are available free of charge here: SALW Basics – Recognizing SALW and Ammunition_Trainee SALW Basics – Definitions_Trainee TRESA - SALW Control Training Manual for West Africa

[Event] Webinar Series on “Exchange on DDR (-related) Processes Among National-level Practitioners: Fostering Peer Support and South–South Cooperation and Learning”

• Since October 2022, BICC, together with the African Union, the UN Department of Peace Operations (DPO) and the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) has been organising a webinar series on “Exchange on Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) (-related) Processes Among National-level Practitioners: Fostering Peer Support and South–South Cooperation and Learning”, in which national DDR commissions and focal points meet every two months to exchange ideas on DDR-...

[Publication] Anhaltend, ungelöst: Der Darfur-Konflikt und die Erfolglosigkeit der VN-Einsätze im Sudan

• The Darfur conflict is part of a bigger lasting violent conflict that had been latent since the 1980 s and erupted massively between 2003 and 2006. Characterized by national conflict constellations within Sudan and South Sudan, as well as violent conflicts crossing borders. International actors are involved through competing organizations and interests in Darfur. This paper poses the question which role the peacekeeping interventions in Darfur, in particular UNAMID, have been playin...

[Publication] The gendered burden of transnational care-receiving: Sudanese families across The Netherlands, the UK and Sudan

Please find the article here.

[Publication] The aid business in South Sudan after the comprehensive peace agreement

• The aid business in South Sudan after the comprehensive peace agreement

[Staff] PD Dr Elke Grawert

• Senior Researcher
• PhD 1995; Habilitation 2006 Elke studied Political Science at the Universities of Münster and Hamburg and did her PhD in Economics and Social Science and her state doctorate (Habilitation) in Political Science at the University of Bremen. She taught at the University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, in Applied Business Languages (Arabic) and International Management; at the University of Bremen in Development Policy with Focus on Non-governmental Organisations and since 2006 Sociology and Polit...
• Publication: Anhaltend, ungelöst: Der Darfur-Konflikt und die Erfolglosigkeit der VN-Einsätze im Sudan, The Darfur conflict is part of a bigger lasting violent conflict that had been latent since the 1980 s and erupted massively between 2003 and 2006. Characterized by national conflict constellations within Sudan and South Sudan, as well as violent conflicts crossing borders. International actors are involved through competing organizations and interests in Darfur. This paper poses the question ...
• Publication: The aid business in South Sudan after the comprehensive peace agreement

[PDF Document] Spotlight_on_HDP_Sudan-online.pdf   (5.41 MB)

[Page] HDP Nexus Application

• The HDP Nexus Application is a digital platform designed to assist international national and local organisations particularly those operating in conflictaffected regions to understand and operationalise the humanitariandevelopmentpeace HDP nexus from a bottomup perspective by including local voices With its knowledgesharing features it aims to foster crosslearning and stronger coordination among various stakeholders to better address daytoday challengesThe application was developed as part of ...

[Project] Conversion in NRW

• The closure of Belgian, British and US military bases and base closures in the context of the transformation process within the Bundeswehr continue to pose tremendous challenges for local authorities and governments of federal states in Germany. How does the civilian use of former military real estate fit into overall planning and structural concepts? Together with NRW.URBAN, BICC is supporting the government of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) in finding answers to this question. One important elem...

[Publication] Return to violent conflict? Challenges of sustainable return of refugees and internally displaced persons to and within South...

• Return to violent conflict? Challenges of sustainable return of refugees and internally displaced persons to and within South Sudan
• The case of South Sudan shows that peace on paper does not necessarily mean peace on the ground. Many displaced persons are sceptical of the peace process and the commitment of their leaders, in particular as nothing has changed since the beginning of the conflict. Nevertheless, over ten thousand people have already returned, and aid agencies expect many thousands more who return because they feel alienated in South Sudan’s neighbouring countries or try to find liveliho...

[PDF Document] salw_booklet_sudan.pdf   (632.79 KB)

[Publication] People safe from guns in South Sudan. A training manual for local stakeholders.

• People safe from guns in South Sudan. A training manual for local stakeholders.

[Page] Outcome

• Session 1 Main challenges and possibilities for implementing the P component of the HDP nexusSocalled peace activitiesencompassing approaches of conflict sensitivity conflict prevention and peacebuildingare often complex and contested Different peacebuilding approaches can conflict with each other and peacebuilding objectives are sometimes difficult to reconcile with emergency relief or development objectives The challenges for peacebuilding activities differ between H D and P actors and the pa...

[PDF Document] salw_booklet_sudan_vol_2.pdf   (869.61 KB)

[Publication] Introduction: After the comprehensive peace agreement in Sudan

Please find the book here.

[Staff] Dr. Heidrun Bohnet

• Senior Researcher
• Publication: Back to turmoil: Refugee and IDP return to and within South Sudan, In BICC Working Paper 7\2016 Heidrun Bohnet investigates the challenges South Sudanese returnees and displaced persons face from their very own perspective. Building on field research in the autumn and winter of 2015, the author analyses the patterns of return and coping strategies of returnees, as well as any assistance that aid agencies can provide. The findings indicate that return is neither a simpl...
• Publication: Return to violent conflict? Challenges of sustainable return of refugees and internally displaced persons to and within South Sudan, The case of South Sudan shows that peace on paper does not necessarily mean peace on the ground. Many displaced persons are sceptical of the peace process and the commitment of their leaders, in particular as nothing has changed since the beginning of the conflict. Nevertheless, over ten thousand people have already returned, and aid agen...
• PhD 2015 in Political Science, University of GenevaHeidrun holds an MA in Political Science and Management from the University of Konstanz, as well as a Master degree in Spanish, History and English from the University of Hamburg, Germany, with longer stays at the UNAM in Mexico City and Science Po Paris. She wrote her Master thesis on labour migration in the European Union. Heidrun has since deepened her research extensively on forced migration and conflict. In her PhD thesis, she investigated ...

[Publication] Citizen assessments of clientelistic practices in South Africa

Research on political clientelism has provided conflicting findings on citizen perceptions and evaluations of clientelism. Survey as well as ethnographic research sometimes finds that citizens reject clientelism and politicians making clientelistic offers and at other times that citizens find clientelism acceptable and perceive clientelistic politicians as caring. We build on current literature on the characteristics of diverse types of clientelism and argue that the differences in evaluations r...

[Publication] Challenges of sub-regional peace after the comprehensive peace agreement in Sudan

Please find the book here.

[Project] Security, armaments and development in recipient countries of German arms exports

• BICC has been receiving funds from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) for research and consultancy on arms exports, militarisation and development in recipient countries of German arms exports since 2002. The project consists of five major components: In the framework of this project, BICC compiles and updates a database (https://www.ruestungsexport.info/en) on data concerning the military sector, overall security environment, human rights situat...

[Publication] Services, return, and security in four countries in Southern Sudan.

BICC was commissioned to undertake a study on issues relating to Return and Reintegration (RR) of actors displaced by the fighting in Sudan and to provide action-oriented data on issues relating to RR as a basis for suggestions to improve the RR program in Southern Sudan.Data from the study was collected by a mix of desk surveys and two weeks of intensive fieldwork in four counties in Southern Sudan: Yei River, West Juba, Maridi and Mundri. 

[Staff] Marius Kahl

• Technical Advisor / Researcher
• Marius Kahl is an Economist (MA equivalent) and completed his studies at the University of the Federal Armed Forces, Hamburg, Germany, in 2002. In 2008, he received his MA in Conflict, Security & Development at King’s College London, UK.Marius Kahl joined the German Armed Forces (Navy) as an officer after his A-levels in 1995 and served there in different positions (Watch Officer aboard naval vessels/ Bundeswehr Operations Command (Joint Operation Center) / Controlling & Accoun...

[Publication] Conversion in South Africa in the 1990s: Defense downsizing and human development challenges

BICC brief 18 “Conversion in South Africa in the 1990s” describes and analyses South Africa’s record on conversion in the last decade. The brief focuses primarily on the years since the advent of democracy in South Africa in April 1994 and examines the remaining challenges.

[Publication] Diplomatisch interveniert. Internationale Sudanpolitik im Kreuzfeuer geostrategischer Interessen. Informationszentrum Dritte ...

Please find the article here.

[PDF Document] BICC_brief_48.pdf   (4.08 MB)

[Page] Eidak—North Waziristan’s Lasting Vigil

[Project] Physical Security and Stockpile Management (PSSM) Capacity Development and Technical Advice in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa

• This project allows BICC to continue capacity development activities for the African Union as well as for select focus states in the Sahel region (Burkina Faso, Chad, Sudan) and in the Horn of Africa (Uganda, Somalia, Djibouti). It will complement activities implemented in the framework of its West African ‘sister’ project (Nigeria and Mali), as well as other BICC project activities on security sector reform (SSR)/disarmament demobilization and reintegration (DDR) in South Sudan.BIC...

[Page] HDP-Conference

• IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES FROM A DECOLONIAL PERSPECTIVEINSIGHTS FROM IRAQ MALI AND SOUTH SUDANThe humanitariandevelopmentpeace HDP nexus is a new way of working for UN agencies and international and national NGOs introduced at the Global Humanitarian Summit in 2016 It aims to closely link humanitarian aid development assistance and peacebuilding through a bottom up approach and joint conflict analysisThe need for a nexus approach is often justified by the fact that humanitarian and...

[Project] HDP Nexus

• This research project explores the conditions under which the humanitarian–development–peace (HDP) nexus approach can be successfully implemented. The project’s central focus is on analysing the impact of the HDP components—humanitarian assistance, development cooperation and peacebuilding—on local concepts of conflict, conflict resolution and peace and, in turn, their impact on the HDP nexus to understand the opportunities and challenges of including “peace” in humanitarian assistance and ...

[Project] Global Militarization Index (GMI)

• The Global Militarization Index (GMI) not only depicts levels of global militarization but also documents the development since 1990. The GMI is financed by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). This year’s GMI shows, once more, that the Middle East is the highest militarized region in the world.

[Publication] Sudan: Interventionen light?

Please find the "Friedensgutachten 2011" here.

[Publication] Rejuvenating or restraining civil war: The role of external actors in the war economies of Sudan

In the political arena, the revenue from oil had a direct impact on the delicate balance of military power between the Government of Sudan and its principal enemy, the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). This report analyzes how the funds from the oil boom have allowed the government side to buy modern weapons in Eastern Europe and Asia, giving it the upper hand against its lightly-armed opponents. While oil is mostly produced in the contested areas of southern Sudan, unlike other conflict co...

[Publication] Conversion in South Afrika

[Publication] Communities safe from small arms in Southern Sudan. A handbook for civil society.

By reading this booklet you are taking an interest in creating a community safe from small arms. Small arms and light weapons (SALW) are a great threat to communities all over the world. Be it a large war or a village argument, the presence of SALW will make the situation worse and lead to more people dying. In Southern Sudan, small arms have contributed towards instability, violence and war. This booklet will give you some background information on small arms and provide ideas of small arms con...

[Publication] Der Sudan am Scheideweg [Sudan at the crossroads]

Please find the "Friedensgutachten 2010" here.

[Publication] Moving for a 'better welfare'? The case of transnational Sudanese families

Please find the article here.

[Image] grawert_cover_RURAL_SUDAN.jpg

[Publication] Security-policy implications of the maritime military build-up in the Asia-Pacific Region: Focus on Australia, Japan, South K...

The (renewed) rise of China has been one of the central topics in international politics since the 1990s. This development brings along a number of far-reaching regional and global consequences. A comprehensive maritime rearmament—not only by China itself but also its immediate neighbors and other states in the Asia–Pacific region—is not least one of these consequences. As most research reports focus on China, this Occasional Paper goes beyond that and analyzes the security policies and strategi...

[Publication] SSANSA update 1.

• Newsletter of the South Sudan Action Network on Small Arms (SSANSA)

[Publication] “Moving on” with gendered aspirations: Sudanese migrants navigating controlling welfare states, labour markets and migrat...

Please find the article here.

[Image] Refugees_in_Sudan._Photo_BICC_N._Acharya.png

[Publication] Improving the social protection needs of asylum seekers and refugees. Learning from the experiences of displaced Sudanese in ...

This Policy Brief shows not only the contradictory manner in which Western governments have dealt with demands of control, low costs and humanitarian approaches but also the negative consequences this has for the asylum seekers and refugees, their families and the receiving state. Based on the Dutch case, this Policy Brief provides a series of policy recommendations, which might also be useful for other European countries. \ Governments should facilitate paid work to asylum seekers from day one ...

[Publication] Ageing across borders: The role of Sudanese elderly parents in the process of kin and home making within transnational families

Please find the book here.

[Publication] The Abiding Lessons of South Asia's Nuclear Tests

[Publication] Ensuring Peace in South Asia: A Fresh Approach Needed

[Publication] The Regional Threat of Kidnappings in South-west Chad

Kidnappings have risen drastically since 2015 in Mayo-Kebbi West, a border region between Chad and Cameroon. High ransom demands are placing a heavy burden on the communities, particularly young people, and are fostering a climate of fear and mistrust that fuels violent inter- and intra-community conflicts. The governments of Chad, Cameroon and the Central African Republic must act now to reverse this devastating trend.

[Project] Transboundary water management and crisis prevention

• How can the different interests of riparian states in international waters be taken into account or balanced? Can such settlements perhaps even act as an example for solving other conflict situations? How can one achieve a fair distribution of domestic and inter-state water resources? A BICC project is dealing with questions of the conflict potential of cross-border and domestic water management within the framework of various studies, publications, conferences and workshops. This project focuse...

[Publication] The stability of instability – State, security, and violent conflicts in South Asia

Please find the book chapter here.

[Publication] Internationales Peacekeeping im Sudan. UNAMID: Zwischen humanitärem Auftrag und realpolitischen Interessen

Please find the book here.

[Publication] Der Sudan nach 2005: Konsolidierung des autoritär-islamischen Regimes und neue Bürgerkriege

Please find the book chapter here.

[Publication] Cross-border dynamics of violent conflict: The case of Sudan and Chad

Please find the article here.

[Publication] Demilitarisation and peace-building in Southern Africa (Volume III - The role of the military in state formation and nation-b...

Volume III considers the role that the military has played in state formation and nation-building in five southern African countries, namely Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe.

[Publication] Débrouillardise: certifying ‘conflict-free’ minerals in a context of regulatory pluralism in South Kivu, DR Congo

Please find the article here.

[Publication] Impact assessment of the reintegration component.

• The new Demobilisation, Disarmament and Reintegration Programme (NDDRP) in the Republic of South Sudan was launched by the National Demobilisation, Disarmament and Reintegration Commission (NDDRC) on behalf of the South Sudanese government in 2012. A pilot program started in April 2013 and is due to run through to June 2014. The goal of the new program is to demobilize 150,000 combatants between 2013 and 2020, 80,000 from the SPLA and 70,000 from the other organized for...

[Staff] Nikkie Wiegink

• Associate Researcher
• Nikkie Wiegink holds a Bsc in Cultural Anthropology (Utrecht University), an MA in Conflict Studies and Human Rights (Centre for Conflict Studies, Utrecht University) and a PhD in Cultural Anthropology (Utrecht University), completed in 2014. Nikkie Wiegink’s PhD research focussed on the life trajectories of former RENAMO combatants for which she conducted fourteen months of fieldwork in central Mozambique. She currently works in Sudan as a capacity development consultant for BICC. Association w...

[Project] The Role of External Actors in civil war economies in Sub-Saharan Africa

• Since 2003, a research programme at BICC on so-called war economies has aimed to shed light on the specific impact of external economic actors, a diverse group that includes multinationals, (neighbouring) countries, private persons, local firms, etc. on the conflict situation. One of the guiding questions was what constitutes a war economy, and how its structural features differ from a 'normal' situation. Subject to analysis were countries and regions in Sub-Sahara Africa, where a vast number of...

[Publication] BICC comic book: The adventures of Simon - A new beginning in the new Sudan.

[Publication] Research report. Psycho-social intervention needs among ex-combatants in Southern Sudan. Juba: SSDDRC - BICC.

[Page] bicc annual report 2024

[Page] Outcome

[Project] Economic interests and actors in Arab countries and their role during and after the Arab Spring

• The pilot study sets out to clarify whether economic driving factors have guided the behavior of actors during the 'Arab Spring' and in the following political processes. Within the framework of authoritarian political systems in the Arab world, certain political elites had acquired crucial roles in the domestic economies and in socio-economic development and consolidated these roles, generating comprehensive patronage networks. The focus of research will be on the economic positions and interes...

[Project] Study on the use of diasporas in core government functions and services in Post-conflict and fragile situations

• Commissioned by OECD-PDG this project intended to study the effects of returnee diaspora members on improving governance in fragile and post-conflict states. Fieldwork was conducted by four field contractors who have been supplied with detailed questionnaires to diaspora returnees, their supervisors, and their colleagues. Analysis was conducted at BICC on the basis of filled questionnaires supplied by the field contractors. Studies resulted in an internal report to the OECD-PDG.

[Page] IDDRS revison

• Standards of performance set a baseline of excellence on complex issues This is why bicc provided support to the United Nations UN over the past two years in revising and disseminating the latest version of its Integrated Disarmament Demobilization and Reintegration Standards IDDRS which it launched in November 2022The IDDRS first published in 2006 set a baseline for policy and practice on the disarmament demobilisation and reintegration DDR in postconflict contexts The aim was to harmonise the...

[Project] Base conversion

• Isabel Kiesewetter, Holiday homes in former NATO bunkers, Kevelaer, Germany The end of the Cold War and the withdrawal of the Allied troops in the early 1990s together with the structural reform of the German Bundeswehr introduced in 2000 has meant that many communities and Länder in Germany have been confronted with planning and structural challenges. What concepts and strategies exist for the wise and innovative utilization of sites that were formerly used for military purposes? And furthermor...

[Press] New publication \ How to deal with armed groups in transition phases of violent conflict?

• In November 2021, BICC hosted an international online conference titled “Between concepts and reality: How to deal with armed groups in transition phases of violent conflict?”. BICC Knowledge Note 1\2022 provides the key insights from the event.
• Wednesday, 31 August 2022: Bildtext Foto: Wheelbarrows awaiting delivery to ex-combatants in Western Bahr el Ghazal, South Sudan. Photo: BICC\Claudia Breitung

[Event] Regional Roundtable Dialogue to Strengthen National Institutions in the Implementation of Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) in the Context of Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR)

• Tuesday, 5 December 2023: BICC, in support of the Regional Centre on Small Arms (RECSA) will convene a regional roundtable dialogue in Nairobi to evaluate the current situation, needs and adopting resource mobilisation strategies for WAM activities related to DDR of identified RECSA member states (Burundi, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda). The targeted member states will share lessons learned and experiences regarding DDR and WAM activities.

[Publication] Businessmen in arms: How the military and other armed groups profit in the MENA Region

The Arab Uprisings have brought renewed attention to the role of the military in the MENA region, where they are either the backbone of regime power or a crucial part of patronage networks in political systems. This collection of essays from international experts examines the economic interests of armed actors ranging from military businesses in Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Jordan, Sudan, and Yemen to retired military officers’ economic endeavors and the web of funding of non-state armed group...

[Project] Armed Groups in the Sahel

• Regional approaches to dealing with armed groups in the Sahel In the Greater Sahel border regions are frequently hot spots in long running conflicts which are used by non-state armed groups for their benefit, but they are also spaces where people and communities socially, culturally, and economically connect and build important interrelations on different scales. We believe that these border complexes have unique historic and socio-economic features which need to be considered more strongly when...

[Publication] Training report: Physical security and stockpile management (PSSM) orientation course.

The Training Report documents the PSSM seminar on weapons management in Khartoum from 24 to 28 September 2017, organized by RECSA, SARCOM, BICC and German Cooperation.

[Project] Migration and Displacement in Sub-Saharan Africa

• BICC organized the international conference on “Migration and Displacement in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Security‑Migration Nexus II” which took place in Bonn on 13 and 14 February 2009. The event was supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and was devoted to South-South migration with a focus on displacement. Experts presented the current status of research giving examples of case studies, considered aspects of future studies and discussed concr...

[Publication] “Guns are for the government”

• From 2011 until 2014, BICC worked with the government of South Sudan to improve the management of state-owned arms and ammunition. In BICC Working Paper 1\ 2014 Luuk van de Vondervoort evaluates this BICC advisory project on state-owned arms control. The difficulties related to improving arms management, also known as physical security and stockpile management (pssm) are not unique to South Sudan—although the country does present an especially difficult environment. Arm...

[Press] New publication \ Country report Chad

• Chad with its volatile security situation is one of the most repressive dictatorships on the African continent. Citing the bad human rights situation and the domestic situation, Germany refused major arms exports to the country. The current Country Report Chad of the Peace and Conflict Research institute BICC gives an overview over basic data on the military sector and investigates the position of the country in relation to criteria of the EU Common Position on arms exports.
• The Human Development Index 2019 lists Chad in position 187 (of 189). Only a few days ago, the Islamist militia Boko Haram carried out one of its bloodiest attacks in years, which killed more than 90 people. Chad is one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world. The Central African country is faced with massive challenges, such as corruption, unemployment, poverty, inadequate healthcare and limited access to education. At the same time, the share of military spending in the overa...

[PDF Document] WP_7_16_final.pdf   (1.83 MB)

[Page] International HDP Conference

• 16 January 2024 HDP Conference09000930Registration09301000WelcomeProf Dr Conrad SchetterBICCHenriette SachseTransitional Development Assistance Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development Germany BMZIntroductionDr EstherMeininghausBICCMarie MüllerKon�BICC10001030Keynote speach Beyond the Rhetoric The HumanitarianDevelopmentPeace Nexus from a Decolonial PerspectiveDr AltheaMaria RivasSchool of Oriental and African StudiesSOAS UK10301100Q&A11001115Coffee break11151245Panel 1 How has ...

[Page] International HDP Conference

• 16 January 2024 HDP Conference09000930Registration09301000WelcomeProf Dr Conrad SchetterBICCHenriette SachseTransitional Development Assistance Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development Germany BMZIntroductionDr EstherMeininghausBICCMarie MüllerKon�BICC10001030Keynote speach Beyond the Rhetoric The HumanitarianDevelopmentPeace Nexus from a Decolonial PerspectiveDr AltheaMaria RivasSchool of Oriental and African StudiesSOAS UK10301100Q&A11001115Coffee break11151245Panel 1 How has ...

[Project] G-SEXTANT

• G-SEXTANT (service provision of geospatial intelligence in EU External Actions support) is an EU FP7 project, which—within the context of the Copernicus (former GMES) Initiative—aims at consolidating a portfolio of Earth Observation products and services that support the geospatial information needs of the European External Action Service. Its main focus lies on the development of pre-operational services in the framework of pre-defined scenarios (e.g. humanitarian crisis, exploitation of natura...

[Publication] Demystifying the peace dividend

By 1998 global military expenditures had been reduced by more than one-third of the amount spent a decade earlier before the Cold War finally ended and when there had been high hopes for a peace dividend. The objective of the book, an edited volume published by the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC), is to shed more light on the nature of the peace dividend, beyond the expectations it engendered. What does, or did, it comprise in reality? Did peace dividends emerge at all, or have t...

[Event] Workshop \ Operationalising cross-border cooperation on countering the illicit trafficking of SALW in East Africa

• The African Union (AU) together with the Regional Centre on Small Arms (RECSA) supported by the German Federal Foreign Office and BICC hosted a two-day workshop on the operationalisation of cross-border cooperation on countering the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons (SALW), which took place from 18 to 19 September 2019 in Nairobi.
• Thursday, 19 September 2019: The workshop was attended by delegations from Kenya, South Sudan and Ethiopia, as well as relevant national and regional actors and specialised agencies and provided a platform to discuss relevant issues and requirements necessary for establishing, deepening or harmonising cooperation to counter illicit cross-border trafficking of SALW. Furthermore, the country delegations identified their needs and developed sets of potential activities for future cross-border cooperation in the fi...

[Staff] Marie Müller-Koné

• Senior Researcher
• In her position as researcher with bicc, Marie’s research interests have shifted from grievances in the context of large-scale and small-scale mining and oil extraction projects and the governance of resource extraction in Africa to the politics of land and political contestation and human-nature-relations and socioecological transformation more broadly.   She was centrally involved in the acquiring of funds for the project B03 - “Violent futures? Contestations along the frontier” that is c...
• Publication: Future visions, present conflicts: the ethnicized politics of anticipation surrounding an infrastructure corridor in northern Kenya, This work analyses the politics of anticipation and ensuing fears, tensions and conflicts in relation to Kenya’s Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) Corridor which is to pass through several previously marginalized counties in the north of the country. Isiolo county, in the centre of Kenya is home to several different ethnic groups of wh...

[Publication] Uganda: A role model for refugee integration?

• Uganda hosts the largest refugee population in Africa and is, after Turkey and Pakistan, the third-largest refugee recipient country worldwide. Political and humanitarian actors have widely praised Ugandan refugee policies because of their progressive nature: In Uganda, in contrast to many other refugee-receiving countries, these are de jure allowed to work, to establish businesses, to access public services such as education, to move freely and have access to a plot of land. Moreover, Uganda is...

[Project] African migrant organizations (MO) in North Rhine-Westphalia – Forms of organization and activities

• In 2010, BICC carried out a study on “Migration—Integration—Development. African migrant organizations in North Rhine-Westphalia” on behalf of the Stiftung Umwelt und Entwicklung Nordrhein-Westfalen (SUE), the government of the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). BICC-brief 44 (in German) helps to provide an insight into the organizational forms and purposes of African migrant organizations, their potential in the fields of develo...

[Page] International HDP Conference

• Day 2 Friday 20 September 2024Part III Practical Considerations Do we need to Integrate H D and P Activities or just better Coordinate among H D and P Actors What are the Difficulties and Synergies of both Options09301045Session 5 Financing models forlocal actors Donor funding strategies and models are beginning to shift towards more flexible funding but are still too rigid and bureaucratic to accommodate triple nexus approaches In addition local NGOs operating in highly challenging contexts fi...

[Page] Power Relations of Peace

• Understanding peace in the humanitariandevelopmentpeace HDP nexus and implementing peace activities is one of the major challenges for those providing aid and putting the HDP nexus into practice This project aims to identify diverse visions of peace within communities and among aid organisations with the intention of identifying locationspecific peace activities At the same time it seeks to understand the influence of power imbalances on the design and implementation of peace activities within ...

[Staff] Nikhil Acharya

• Technical Advisor
• M.Sc. International Relations LSE, 2006; M.A. Politics & International Studies JNU, 2004.Prior to his engagement at BICC, Nikhil has worked with UNIDIR, UNDP/BCPR, UN IAWG/DDR on cluster munitions, explosive remnants of war, local-level community security needs assessments, reintegration of children formerly associated with armed groups and has designed evidence-based approaches to DDR. From December 2012 to January 2016, Nikhil provided technical and policy advice to the Sudan Disarmament D...

[Project] Analysis on MANPADS

• MANPADS (Man Portable Air Defense Systems) are relatively small weapons with potential huge effects. They can be used especially for asymmetrical warfare and terrorist attacks, for instance on civilian aircraft, with devastating results. On behalf of the German Foreign Office, BICC investigates the effects of these weapons to contribute to a threat analysis and the evaluation of international control regimes and the international security discourse. 

[Staff] Lars Wirkus

• Senior Management & Head of Research Infrastructure and Data
• Lars took on the role of Head of Research Infrastructure and Data at bicc in 2021 after he headed the data and geomatics staff unit for ten years from 2011 to 2020. After obtaining his degree as geographer for the University in Bonn, he began his professional career at bicc with studies on base conversion in the year 2000. Then, his research extensively focused for many years on natural resources and violent conflicts, institutional aspects of water resources management, the micro level analysis...
• Publication: Impact assessment of oil exploitation in South Sudan using multi-temporal landsat imagery, This scientific report examines the spatial impacts of oil exploitation in Melut County, South Sudan, at six points in the time span between 1999 and 2011, based on Landsat satellite data. Three features were analysed: cropland, oil well pads and roads. Feature extraction consisted of pixel- and object-based classification approaches as well as on-screen digitization. Land cover c...

[PDF Document] paper37.pdf   (355.94 KB)

[Publication] Intersecting (im)mobilities in the context of drought, hunger and conflict – Reflections inspired by research in Kenya

• Between late 2020 and early 2023, people in the Horn of Africa experienced the worst drought in more than 40 years, of which the world hardly took notice. By the end of 2022, almost 57 million people across eight countries faced a severe food crisis. While Kenya was not the country worst affected in terms of the number of people impacted—the highest level of food insecurity was recorded in Ethiopia, Sudan, South Sudan and Somalia—the situation there dete-riorated most rapidly over t...

[Staff] Dr Claudia Breitung

• Technical Advisor & Senior Researcher
• Since 2011 Dr. Claudia Breitung has worked for bicc in various capacities (technical advisor, project manager, senior researcher) with a focus on the organisation of armed actors, pathways in and out of armed groups as well as weapons and ammunition management (WAM) processes. Since 2018 she has supported the UN Interagency Working Group on Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (IAWG-DDR) in the revision, operationalisation and dissemination of the Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS). Curre...
• Publication: In need of a critical re-think: Security sector reform in South Sudan, Past attempts at security sector reform (SSR) and disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) in South Sudan have made no significant contribution to ‘right-sizing’ the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and were unable to sustainably change South Sudan’s security apparatus. Taking into account lessons learned from previous DDR and SSR attempts, this Working Paper provides hi...

[Press] Global Militarisation Index 2019 \ GMI focuses on eastern Europe, European NATO and EU-countries

• In this year's Global Militarisation Indix ranking, the ten countries that provided the military with markedly large amounts of resources in relation to other areas of society are Israel, Singapore, Armenia, Cyprus, South Korea, Russia, Greece, Jordan, Belarus and Azerbaijan.
• Every year, BICC’s Global Militarisation Index (GMI) presents the relative weight and importance of a country's military apparatus in relation to its society as a whole. The GMI 2019 covers 154 states and is based on the latest available figures (in most cases data for 2018). The index project is financially supported by Germany's Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (Constellations of State Fragility Project of the German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwi...

[Press] BICC Global Militarisation Index 2019 \ TOP 10 remain unchanged

• Among the most militarised countries are, as in previous years, Israel, Singapore, Armenia, Cyprus, South Korea, Russia, Greece, Jordan, Belarus and Azerbaijan. The Global Militarisation Index 2019 of the peace and conflict research institute BICC is now available online at https://gmi.bicc.de/
• Compiled by BICC, the Global Militarisation Index (GMI) presents on an annual basis the relative weight and importance of a country's military apparatus in relation to its society as a whole. The GMI 2019 covers 154 states and is based on the latest available figures (in most cases data for 2018). Israel remains the most heavily militarised country in the world. Its massive investment in the military is still owed to the strained security situation of the country and the entire region.  Amo...

[PDF Document] Working_paper_1_2014.pdf   (141.77 KB)

[Staff] Christine Andrä

• Research Assistant
• Christine holds a BA in Political Science and Rhetoric from the University of Tübingen and an MA in Peace and Conflict Research from the University of Frankfurt. She spent semesters abroad at the Universities of Coimbra (Portugal) and Uppsala (Sweden). 

[PDF Document] BICC_Annual_Report_2014_02.pdf   (1.5 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Annual_Report_2014_03.pdf   (1.5 MB)

[Publication] Digging for peace: Private companies and emerging economies in zones of conflict

BICC brief 38 documents the international conference “Digging for Peace: Private Companies and Emerging Economies in Zones of Conflict” which took place from 21 to 22 November 2008 in Bonn. About 120 participants, amongst them representatives of research institutes, private companies, civil society as well as politicians accepted the invitation by the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) and the Fatal Transactions campaign to talk about the challenges of Private Companies and Emerging...

[Project] Resource conflict monitor

• On 12 March 2008, BICC presented a new English language data base service, the Resource Conflict Monitor (RCM). With the support of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, BICC experts have been able to develop a data base on 90 resource-rich countries, which over the past eleven years gives an insight into the effects of resource governance on the relationship between natural resources and violent conflict.

[PDF Document] BICC_Policy_Brief_2_2016.pdf   (146.32 KB)

[Project] Digging for Peace: Private companies and emerging economies in zones of conflict. International Fatal Transactions conference 2008

• BICC in association with the European Fatal Transactions network , held the international conference “Digging for Peace: Private companies and emerging economies in conflict zones” at the Deutsche Welle in Bonn on 21 and 22 November 2008. Representatives of civil society, companies and politics discussed the role of private companies in conflict zones.

[Publication] Future visions, present conflicts: the ethnicized politics of anticipation surrounding an infrastructure corridor in northern...

• This work analyses the politics of anticipation and ensuing fears, tensions and conflicts in relation to Kenya’s Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) Corridor which is to pass through several previously marginalized counties in the north of the country. Isiolo county, in the centre of Kenya is home to several different ethnic groups of whom some are perceived to be better informed about LAPSSET than others, or have certain advantages in terms of claims to indigeneity, ...

[Event] Local Perspectives on the HDP Nexus

• Findings and recommendations of the bicc-project “How can the HDP nexus succeed? NGOs between humanitarian aid, development assistance and peacebuilding”
• Tuesday, 18 March 2025: Against the backdrop of rising humanitarian needs and international funding cuts, the HDP (humanitarian–development–peace) nexus is a policy and practice to better link humanitarian assistance, development cooperation and peacebuilding activities to provide sustainable solutions for conflict-affected contexts and protracted crises. While borne of good intention, the implementation of the HDP nexus approach has largely remained a top-down process, drawing on concepts of conflict, conflict resolut...

[Publication] Oil investment and conflict in Upper Nile State

• This brief aims to contribute to the study of the relationship between government, oil corporations, and local communities in South Sudan. Its area of study are the oil fields of Blocks 3 and 7 in Melut and Maban Counties, Upper Nile State, the largest oil producing area in the country, which has been less well studied than the older oil areas in neighboring Unity State. The brief focuses on the impact of oil investment on local livelihoods and its potential for ...

[PDF Document] WP2_19_Uganda_web.pdf   (727.71 KB)

[Publication] Annual Report 2014

• The Annual Report 2014 presents BICC’s implementation of its new research strategy. Problems of organised violence and the search for avenues to overcome these lie at the heart of BICC’s work. Emphasis is placed on the theme of “Arms control and arms transfers”, particularly in the Sahel region. The Sahel region, where cross-border dynamics of violent conflicts are worsening and threaten to escalate, is currently one of the regional foci of BICC’s research and advisory activities. An essay in th...

[Author] Dr Markus Bayer

• Markus has worked on a wide array of third-party funded research projects: From 2010 to 2011, he gained first experiences in interdisciplinary research while working at Philipps-University of Marburg on a joint research project on "Cultural categorization and social conflict" funded by the state offensive to develop scientific and economic excellence (LOEWE) of the federal state of Hesse. Subsequently, from 2011 to 2014, Markus joined a project exploring the question “Why do staes collapse” fund...

[PDF Document] working_paper_6_01.pdf   (940.01 KB)

[PDF Document] final_report_aah-i_ipcs_bicc.pdf   (386.76 KB)

[PDF Document] bicc_workingpaper_ENGL_RZ_FINAL_webversion.pdf   (1.24 MB)

[PDF Document] tabellarische_uebersicht.pdf   (365.25 KB)

[PDF Document] FGA2025_Gesamt.pdf   (2.41 MB)

[PDF Document] bicc_focus_2_darfur.pdf   (76.9 KB)

[PDF Document] focus_7_china.pdf   (199.78 KB)

[Event] UN General Assembly side event \ Countering Illicit Weapons and Ammunition Trafficking in Africa

• BICC together with the AU, ECOWAS, RECSA, and the German Federal Foreign Office invited to a joint side event at the 64th Session of the UN General Assembly First Committee on 23 October in New York.
• Wednesday, 23 October 2019: It has long been recognised that countering the illicit trade in small arms requires regional  action. The 2001 UN Programme of Action highlighted the role of regional organisations in  small arms and light weapons (SALW) control, calling on states to take action at the national,  regional and global levels. Regional Economic Communities and regional bodies are an integral part of the  African Union’s Silencing the Guns Plan of Action (STG-PoA). “The African Union’s plan aims...

[Publication] Annual Report 2010

• BICC is working at the interface between peace and development. Here too it is important to meet the new challenges with innovative, application-based scientific approaches and concrete practical projects. This is demonstrated by the selection of BICC’s projects which we are presenting in this Annual Report.   In the field of global arms control, BICC has systematically continued its critical appraisal of German arms exports on the basis of the EU Code of Conduct. The Global Militarization ...

[Publication] Revisiting the urban land question at the extensions of Lahore

Amidst the global trends of extensive land expansion, speculative accumulation, and land value extraction that have contributed to the (re)production of precarity, recent debates in urban studies advocate reevaluating the urban land question. Understanding urban inhabitation as a continuously evolving complex of relations, trajectories, and temporary arrangements, this contribution seeks to understand the processes of and toward (im)permanent residence of city dwellers at the peripheries of Laho...

[Event] The Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus from a Decolonial Perspective: A Bottom-up Approach?

• Tuesday, 16 January 2024: The humanitarian–development–peace nexus (HDP) is a new way of working for UN agencies and international and national NGOs, introduced at the Global Humanitarian Summit in 2016. Even though it was designed at the UN level, it aims to closely link humanitarian aid, development assistance and peacebuilding through a bottom-up approach and joint conflict analysis. More recently, the aid sector has witnessed the emergence of a decolonial critique from within INGOs and NGOs in all three fields. These...

[Publication] “We were promised development and all we got is misery” — The influence of petroleum on conflict dynamics in Chad

BICC brief 41 analyzes the effects of oil production on conflict dynamics in Chad. The authors, Lena Guesnet and Claudia Frank conclude in the study that the goal of the project supported by the World Bank, to foster development in the Central African country has failed miserably. The Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline project was supported by the World Bank as a model to prove that investment in oil can yield positive results in terms of poverty reduction and development. BICC brief 41, however, shows ...

[Publication] Annual Report 2017

• Civil wars, such as in Syria/ Iraq, Afghanistan, South Sudan or in Donbass persist, as does forced migration as an effect of violent conflicts around the world. Researchers of the peace and conflict research institute BICC (Bonn International Center for Conversion) conduct empirical research and provide advice on the ground in these areas of conflict. The BICC Annual Report 2017 shows new insights into these violent conflicts. In 2016/2017, forced migration was one of the main topic...

[Project] Support to the Revision and Dissemination of the United Nations Integrated Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration Standards

• Standards of performance set a baseline of excellence on complex issues. This is why bicc provided support to the United Nations (UN) over the past two years in revising and disseminating the latest version of its Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards (IDDRS), which it launched in November 2022. The IDDRS, first published in 2006, set a baseline for policy and practice on the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) in post-conflict contexts. The aim was t...

[Event] Launch of the HDP Nexus App

• Wednesday, 20 November 2024: We are pleased to invite you to the launch event of the HDP Nexus Application, which we developed in collaboration with our partners—the International Rescue Committee, Welthungerhilfe, and Malteser International. This event offers a unique opportunity to explore how the application can enhance your organisation’s essential activities and strengthen cooperation within the HDP Nexus framework.  Event Details:  Date: November 20, 2024  Time: 11:00h to 13:00h  CET (Central Europ...

[Publication] Pastoral Conflict on the Greener Grass? Exploring the Climate-Conflict Nexus in the Karamoja Cluster

• The Karamoja Cluster, a cross-border region between Kenya, South Sudan, Uganda, and Ethiopia, where pastoralism has long been the main livelihood, was extraordinarily affected by severe droughts between 2018 and 2023. During this time, pastoral conflict in the region increased to unprecedented levels. Being highly dependent on the environment, pastoralists are expected to be especially vulnerable to climate change in the near future. In our work we use a mixed-methods approach combi...

[Project] IDDRS Revision

• Standards of performance set a baseline of excellence on complex issues. This is why bicc provided support to the United Nations (UN) over the past two years in revising and disseminating the latest version of its Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards (IDDRS), which it launched in November 2022. The IDDRS, first published in 2006, set a baseline for policy and practice on the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) in post-conflict contexts. The aim was t...

[Publication] Annual Report 2013

• The year 2013 has marked the beginning of a new era at BICC with the introduction of a dual leadership structure. Conrad Schetter was appointed Director for Research in March and his position is combined with a newly established professorship for Peace and Conflict Research at the University of Bonn. This joint role is intended to intensify BICC’s academic approach and at the same time strengthen intellectual exchanges with the University of Bonn. Michael Dedek, Director for Administration, comp...

[Press] Obituary Elke Grawert (13 November 1958 - 5 March 2021)

• On 5 March, after a short and severe illness, our much-appreciated colleague Elke Grawert passed away at the age of 62. She was taken from us much too early.
• Wednesday, 10 March 2021: Elke, born in Bremen in 1958, studied Political Science in Münster and Hamburg. Elke completed her doctorate in Economics and Social Sciences in Bremen in 1995 on "Making a Living in Rural Sudan. Food Production of Women, Labour Migration of Men, and Policies of Peasants' Need". In 2006, she habilitated with a thesis on "Departures from Post-colonial Authoritarianism. Analysis of System Change with a Focus on Tanzania" in Political Science—also in Bremen. Elke came to BICC in...

[Publication] Beyond the comprehensive peace agreement: Theoretical outcomes

Please find the book here.

[Press] New publication \ "Leaving them behind"—Global trends in forced migration

• In 2030, the envisaged year of the accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), millions and millions of displaced people will still be living under precarious conditions. The recent BICC Policy Brief identifies global trends of forced migration that will challenge the international community in the coming decade.
• Forced migration is linked to the emergence, dynamics, and escalation of violent conflicts, and so it is difficult to predict or capture its actual scale. What is more, the extent to which climate change may affect new flows of refugees is also unknown. Nevertheless, it is clear that the number of forced migrants will not decrease in the coming decade, but rather continue to rise. To date, approximately 70.8 million people have fled their homes. Survival “in displacement” will become normal for ...

[Staff] Luuk van de Vondervoort

• Associate Researcher
• Luuk holds an LLM in Law and Politics of International Security from VU University Amsterdam, and an MA in Legal and Political Theory from University College London.Luuk worked with the South Sudan Law Society, doing research on mineral extraction in South Sudan, land rights, and civil society legislation. He also worked with a local civil society organisation in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, designing and executing trainings for staff officers and officers ...

[Project] Wartime Rape and Post-Conflict Research Project

• Rape in war is not a homogeneous phenomenon. There are many reasons why this form of violence is used — against both women and men. BICC was studying various aspects of war rape in order to identify different “types” of rape. This research project, which was funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), aimed to contribute to a better understanding of this form of violence employed in war and the diverse consequences long after the war has ended. A typology of wa...

[PDF Document] BICC_Jahresbericht_2012_en_LR.pdf   (5.39 MB)

[Page] How can the humanitarian–development–peace (HDP) nexus succeed? NGOs between humanitarian assistance, development cooperation and peacebuilding

[PDF Document] Report_on_ARM_and_CSAC_West_Darfur.pdf   (4.98 MB)

[Publication] Annual Report 2016

• The number of those who flee from war and violence and who live in makeshift shelters in a permanent state of humanitarian emergency—for instance in refugee camps—rose dramatically in the past year. With a number of research projects, the topic of ‘displacement’ was in the focus of the work of the peace and conflict research institute BICC (Bonn International Center for Conversion) in 2015/2016. Further important topics of the Annual Report are research and advisory activities on small arms cont...

[PDF Document] integrated_missions_konzeptpapier.pdf   (500.96 KB)

[Publication] Annual Report 2011

Since the publication of its last Annual Report, BICC has initiated an intensive discussion on the future direction of its work. We have asked ourselves in which programmatic fields we wish to conduct and provide our applied research, advisory and training services over the years to come. We want to focus our work more strongly in order to do even better justice to our task of promoting peace, security and development throughout the world. A further central consideration was how we can establish...

[Publication] Annual Report 2012

• BICC’S mission statement is: “Peace, security and development through research, advisory services and training.” In other words, security and the transformation of conflicts can only be achieved by simultaneously promoting both peace and development. This normative approach is also included in the general concept of ‘conversion’, which is devoted to reducing and transforming military stockpiles, military processes and capacities. BICC has actively developed this concept over the last eighteen ye...

[PDF Document] BICC_Feature01_en.pdf   (1.67 MB)

[Publication] “Dirty peace?” The political economy of peacebuilding

• On 19 October 2017, BICC (Bonn International Center for Conversion) hosted its annual International Academic Conference entitled “‘Dirty Peace?’ The Political Economy of Peacebuilding” in Bonn. BICC Knowledge Note 1\2018, edited by Elvan Isikozlu and Susanne Heinke documents the conference proceedings. The conference brought together over 100 academics and practitioners from around the world to exchange concepts, empirical observations and lessons learned on the prerequisites, patterns and conse...

[Event] International conference \ Between concepts and reality–How to deal with armed groups in transition phases of violent conflict?

• On 11 and 12 November 2021, BICC conducted its annual international conference “Between concepts and reality – How to deal with armed groups in transition phases of violent conflict?” (online).
• Monday, 25 October 2021: Around 100 international academics in peace and conflict studies, policy makers, practitioners, and diplomats investigated the guiding question of the conference how the international community can best support national, regional and local actors to encourage combatants to lay down their weapons and return to civilian life. Dr Mark Speich, State Secretary for Federal and European Affairs and International Affairs of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, opened the conference with a welcome speech...

[Press] New publication \ Addressing Food Crises in Violent Conflicts

• Food insecurity and hunger continue to threaten the lives and livelihoods of millions of people. In the context of the United Nations Food Systems Summit 2021, BICC researchers Birgit Kemmerling, Conrad Schetter and Lars Wirkus published a briefing paper that looks at the multiple dimensions between current food crises and violent conflicts and identifies four key areas for a comprehensive response that addresses food insecurity and violent conflict.
• Wednesday, 28 April 2021: Many of today's food crises are linked to violent conflicts in various ways. The number of people affected by conflict-driven food crises increased from 74 million in 2018 to more than 77 million one year later—particularly in north-eastern Nigeria, South Sudan, Afghanistan, Syria and Yemen. “The achievement of food security ending hunger and malnutrition and enabling sustainable agriculture production as addressed by Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 'Zero Hunger' depends theref...

[Event] International HDP-Conference

• Ways Forward for the HDP Nexus - How to Conceptualise and Implement Peace Activities?
• Thursday, 19 September 2024: The humanitarian–development–peace (HDP) nexus is the "new way of working" for UN agencies and international and national NGOs, introduced at the World Humanitarian Summit in 2016. The HDP nexus calls for conflict sensitivity and conflict prevention, but also encourages H, D and P actors to design and implement peacebuilding activities. However, the peace component of the triple HDP nexus has been the most elusive one for actors to implement, and donors are still struggling to devise funding str...

[Project] Power Relations of Peace

• Understanding peace in the humanitarian–development–peace (HDP) nexus, and implementing peace activities, is one of the major challenges for those providing aid and putting the HDP nexus into practice. This project aims to identify diverse visions of peace within communities and among aid organisations, with the intention of identifying location-specific peace activities. At the same time, it seeks to understand the influence of power imbalances on the design and implementation of peace activiti...

[Page] Expert Group on Arms Exports

[Publication] Double Gain, Double Loss: Property Rights and Dispossession Surrounding Kenya’s Rail Project

There is growing interest in how rural transformations due to megainfrastructure projects in Africa are causing widening inequalities. We examine the impact of Kenya’s Nairobi–Mombasa standard gauge railway (SGR) on land tenure, property rights, and dispossession in Voi town, southeastern Kenya. Drawing from frontier and neo-colonial theoretical perspectives, we argue that large-scale infrastructure projects in Africa facilitate resource extraction and deepen local inequalities through land comm...

[Staff] Dr. Michael Ashkenazi

• Associate Researcher
• BA Sociology and Anthropology; MA Sociology; MPhil. And PhD Anthropology.1983 to 2000 Lecturer and Senior Lecturer in Anthropology (Ben Gurion University, Hebrew University; Gyosei College). 1990 to 1994 consultant and visiting scholar (SETI Project, NASA-Ames). 1988 to1990 Visiting Professor (Departments of Anthropology and of Business Management, University of Calgary). 1994 to 1996 Research Scholar (Japan Centre, University of Birmingham); 2000 to 2002 Deputy Academic Dean (Regents College Lo...

[Staff] Christof Kögler

• Researcher
• Christof studied Political Science and Anthropology at the University of Heidelberg, Germany, with year long stays at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, and the University of Massachusetts, Boston, United States, where he studied Dispute Resolution. Before joining BICC, Christof worked as a freelancer on conflict resolution and sustainable consumption.Since 2010, Christof has worked on the local impact of solar-thermal energy installations in North Africa and the Middle East. In 2011,...

[PDF Document] bicc_annual_report_2007_2008_N.pdf   (3.02 MB)

[Staff] Dr Dirk Hansohm

• Associate Researcher
• Dirk Hansohm is an economist who received his Bachelor of Arts from the University of Kiel, and his Master of Arts as well as his PhD from the University of Bremen. He wrote his PhD thesis on “Small Industry Development in Africa. Lessons from Sudan.”Dirk Hansohm provided consultancy input on “Micro-economic Effects of Violent Conflict on Firms and Employment” for the BICC project “Sustainable Employment under Construction: Peace and Stability Strategies for the Private Sector in Afghanistan” in...

[Page] Spaces of (Im)Mobility, Violence and Precarity

[PDF Document] ssansa_newsletter.pdf   (396.23 KB)

[Publication] Anticipation, participation and contestation along the LAPSSET Infrastructure Corridor in Kenya

• Pastoral counties in northern Kenya are expected to undergo massive social–ecological change ­in the coming years as a result of the government’s ‘Vision 2030’ with its large-scale investments ­and infrastructure projects. The Lamu Port–South Sudan–Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) corridor ­project is an ambitious infrastructure development project that links with other continental ­transport corridors traversing the country. The 500m-wide corridor is to consist of a railway, a ­highway...

[Publication] Global Militarisation Index 2021

• Every year, bicc’s Global Militarisation Index (GMI) maps the relative weight and importance of a country’s military apparatus in relation to its society as a whole. The GMI 2021 is an anniversary edition. Its first part reflects, as usual, current developments and trends based on the latest available data. It covers 153 countries and is based on the latest available figures (in most cases, data for 2020). The ten countries with the highest levels of militarisation in the GMI 2021 are Israel, Om...

[PDF Document] BICC_Report_IDDRTG.pdf   (4.76 MB)

[PDF Document] Addressing_Regional_Dynamics_of_Armed_Conflict.pdf   (4.76 MB)

[PDF Document] Addressing_Regional_Dynamics_of_Armed_Conflicts.pdf   (5.1 MB)

[Project] "Future Rural Africa: Future-making and social-ecological transformation" Collaborative Research Center 228

• Large-scale infrastructure projects such as the LAPSSET corridor in northern Kenya cut through the pastures of pastoral communities in Kenya and Tanzania. The Standard Gauge Railway, for example, traverses the pastoral lands in Narok in southern Kenya and Morogoro in central Tanzania. This raises the question of the impact of these projects on local conflict dynamics. In this research project, we employ the concept of frontiers as an analytical tool for comparative empirical research on developm...

[PDF Document] brief24.pdf   (722.22 KB)

[Page] Breaking Patterns of Armed Violence (PAVE)

[Page] Breaking Patterns of Armed Violence (PAVE)

[PDF Document] bulletin43.pdf   (497.64 KB)

[Staff] Dr Birgit Kemmerling

• Senior Researcher
• Birgit has a PhD in human geography and several years of professional experience in humanitarian aid. For the past fifteen years, she has been researching and working on various countries in the MENA region and sub-Saharan Africa, mainly on food (in)security and sustainable resource management. She joined bicc in November 2019 as a senior researcher for a project on sustainable transformation processes in rural Morocco (I-WALAMAR). For three years, she explored the socio-economic sustainability ...

[PDF Document] BICC_SALW_photo_book.pdf   (9.81 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_SALW_photo_book_01.pdf   (9.81 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_SALW_photo_book_02.pdf   (9.81 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_SALW_photo_book_03.pdf   (9.81 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_SALW_photo_book.pdf   (9.81 MB)

[Press] GMI 2021 \ Militarisation increases worldwide—Despite adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy

• Even though the pandemic had a strong impact on the gross domestic product in some countries, militarisation increased in the majority of countries worldwide and across Europe compared to the previous year. This is the outcome of the Global Militarisation Index (GMI) 2021 issued by BICC (Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies), which annually depicts the relative weight and importance of the military apparatus of one country in relation to its society as a whole. In its ‘anniversary edit...
• Friday, 21 January 2022: The ten counties with the highest levels of militarisation in the GMI 2021 are Israel, Oman, Azerbaijan, Kuwait, Armenia, Saudi Arabia, Brunei, Bahrain, Singapore and Russia. These countries allocate particularly large amounts of resources to the military in comparison to other areas of society.“The GMI 2021 allows for an even more accurate assessment of dynamics in militarisation than before, as for the first time, it not only indicates the ranking in the Index but also the change in the GMI va...

[PDF Document] FT_Newsletter_7_07.06.11.pdf   (1.92 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Diaspora_NL_2_english.pdf   (1.01 MB)

[Project] Capacity development and advice on SALW control in Africa

• This project continues the work undertaken in two previous projects: Physical security and stockpile management (PSSM), capacity development and technical advice in West AfricaPhysical security and stockpile management (PSSM), capacity development and technical advice in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. The project’s focus lies on supporting national and regional bodies in the Sahel, the Horn of Africa and West Africa in the field of small arms and light weapons control (SALW) and physical secu...

[Staff] Carina Yıldırım-Schlüsing

• Researcher
• Carina has worked in research projects on German arms exports, Kurdish actor networks in the Middle East, and the Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus. She has provided advice to German ministries such as the GFFO and BMZ. At bicc, she currently supports the Scientific Advisory Board of the Interministerielle Arbeitsgruppe (IMAG) Salafismusprävention. She recently submitted a PhD thesis at the University of Bonn. She has been educated in Political Science and Cultural Anthropology at the Univers...
• HDP Nexus, This research project explores the conditions under which the humanitarian–development–peace (HDP) nexus approach can be successfully implemented. The project’s central focus is on analysing the impact of the HDP components—humanitarian assistance, development cooperation and peacebuilding—on local concepts of conflict, conflict resolution and peace and, in turn, their impact on the HDP nexus to understand the opportunities and challenges of including “peace” in humanitarian assi...

[PDF Document] paper45.pdf   (338.06 KB)

[PDF Document] Bulletin59.pdf   (99.26 KB)

[PDF Document] brief39.pdf   (2.54 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Annual_Report_2015_web.pdf   (3.33 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Annual_Report_2015_web_01.pdf   (3.33 MB)

[PDF Document] diaspora_konzeptpapier.pdf   (227.95 KB)

[Event] 21st IMISCOE Annual Conference

• bicc staff will attend the annual IMISCOE conference. Zeynep Şahin-Mencütek will organise the roundtable titled “Methodological Plurality and Reflexivity in Research on Return and Readmissions” and participate in three workshops titled "Diversity, Equality and Inclusion - Is It Possible?”, ”Delineate Forced Migration Research Within the Field of Migration Studies” and “(Forced) Migration in and from the Global East: Decentring and Decolonising Knowledge Production”. She will also present recent ...

[PDF Document] Innovation_in_Reintegration_Programming_final.pdf   (1.08 MB)

[Publication] Civilian arms registration and marking handbook.

In collaboration with Sudan's National Focal Point on Small Arms Control, BICC has published the Civilian Arms Registration and Marking Handbook, available in both English and Arabic. This Handbook is a guide on arms registration and marking (ARM) for practitioners, government officials, and project managers working on the control of small arms and light weapons in conflict-affected areas. Drawing on experiences from Darfur, it provides a practical overview of how to design and implement an ARM ...

[Publication] Report on the work of the arms registration and marking (ARM) program and on community security and arms control (CSAC) in We...

In the “Report on the Work of the Arms Registration and Marking (ARM) Program and on Community Security and Arms Control (CSAC) in West Darfur” Dr Sami Faltas presents the results of his field research in West Darfur, Sudan. The study was assigned by BICC and the Sudan DDR Commission (SDDRC).The main purpose of his research trip was to study the programme to mark and register weapons held by tribal communities in West Darfur and to suggest improvements. Another aspect was to report on UNDP’s Com...

[Staff] Milena Berks

• Senior Advisor & Researcher
• Milena joined bicc in 2021 as a researcher and project officer supporting the joint project between bicc and the UN Department of Peace Operations on the Revision and Dissemination of the United Nations Integrated Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration Standards (IDDRS). She now works on a follow-up project focusing on regional approaches to dealing with armed groups in the Sahel, exploring regional conflict dynamics, including the linkage between armed groups, the exploitation of natura...

[PDF Document] booklet_kirchentag.pdf   (298.82 KB)

[PDF Document] booklet_kirchentag_01.pdf   (298.82 KB)

[Staff] Marius Bales

• PhD Researcher
• Marius Bales joined bicc in April 2016. He holds a bachelor in Political Science and German Studies from the University of Trier and a master in Political Science from the University of Bonn. His master's thesis investigated the evolution of modern air warfare in the Gulf region. Marius has been working as a freelance journalist for many years.   Before joining the DFG-funded project on liquid warfare, he worked as a student assistant in the BMZ project on arms export control and was the co...

[Project] Smart Technology in SALW Control: Civilian Protection, the UN-POA, and Transfer Control (SmartCon)

• On behalf of the German Foreign Office, BICC organized an international conference from 17 to 18 June 2013 in Berlin, entitled “Smart Technology in SALW Control: Civilian Protection, the UN-Programme of Action, and Transfer Control” (SmartCon). The SmartCon brought together a group of experts and interested actors to discuss the potential uses of information technology in securing weapons, stockpiles, and international arms transfers. BICC is in the process of preparing spin-off study proposals ...

[Project] Foreign cultural and education policy in transformation countries—The example of Myanmar

• The former military dictatorship has undergone a massive transformation following Myanmar’s political opening. Within the framework of the ifa’s research program “Culture and Foreign Policy”, a visiting researcher at BICC is developing recommendations for a conflict-sensitive German cultural policy.  

[PDF Document] brief38.pdf   (1.52 MB)

[PDF Document] DDR_Impact_Assessment.pdf   (1.02 MB)

[Staff] Dr Gülay Kilicaslan

• FFVT fellow
• Ph.D. in Sociology, York University, CanadaM.A. in Political Science and International Relations, Bogazici University, Turkey B.S. in Political Science and Public Administration, Middle East Technical University, TurkeyGülay holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from York University, Toronto, Canada. Her dissertation examines the impacts of forced displacement on dynamics of political mobilization in the context of Kurdish contentious politics. Her writings on Kurdish forced migrants, Kurdish political mov...

[PDF Document] BICC_AR_2021_d_e.pdf   (3.51 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_AR_2021_d_e_01.pdf   (3.51 MB)

[Project] Field research Cote d'Ivoire

• In the framework of the European Fatal Transactions network, a BICC team travelled to Cote d'Ivoire to conduct field research. The focus of the research was the question how natural resources influence the transition from war to peace. For this purpose, the project team interviewed government and company representatives, members of civil society and international organizations, a group of peasants as well as members of the rebel movement Force Nouvelles and other militia groups.

[PDF Document] BICC_Knowledge_Note_1_2021.pdf   (5.63 MB)

[Publication] Migration and displacement in Sub-Saharan Africa: The security-migration nexus II

BICC brief 39 is a documentation of the results of the international conference "Migration and Displacement in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Security – Migration Nexus II" (13-14 February 2009, Bonn). The event was supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and was devoted to south-south migration with a focus on displacement. In BICC brief 39 “Migration and Displacement in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Security-Migration Nexus II”, experts present the current state of ...

[Event] 5th ISA Forum of Sociology—Knowing Justice in the Anthropocene

• Call for Abstracts
• Together with a colleague from Kassel University, Dr Helena Cermeno, Katja Mielke has submitted three conflict-related sessions to the 5th ISA Forum of Sociology:  Infrastructuring (in)Justice: Navigating the Built Environment-Conflict Nexus in the Global South/East The 'conflict Potential of Concrete': Tourism, Cementation, and Sustainability in Transforming (Built) Environments Urban Justice after Violence: Housing, Heritage and Infrastructure in Post-Conflict Cities The call for abstract...

[Project] GMF transatlantic study team on climate-induced migration

• The development of scenarios and models pertaining to the ecological and socio-economic effects of climate change on particularly affected regions of the world is increasingly taken up by international research. The German Marshall Fund of the United States, within the framework of its Immigration & Integration Program 2009/10, had initiated the formation of a Transatlantic Study Team on climate-induced migration to improve networking both between policymakers and researchers and the exchang...

[Publication] Zwischen Ignoranz, Delegation und dem Ruf nach militärischem Aktionismus: Die internationale Staatengemeinschaft und der Kon...

The deployment of the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) in Darfur has been stylized on several occasions as a test case for the new African security architecture. However, before the failure of the Mission is attested, this BICC Focus will investigate the background and operating conditions of the Mission. One central question is whether the mandate and the resources available to AMIS suffice to effectively monitor the fragile peace agreement. The effect regarding the role of the Western com...

[Staff] Lena Guesnet

• Researcher & Project Coordinator
• Lena holds a Diploma (MA-equivalent) from Marburg University in Political Science, Law, Peace and Conflict Studies. At bicc, she started in the team on natural resources and conflict. Field research has led her to Côte d’Ivoire, Chad and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Lena contributes to the implementation and development of projects evolving around small arms control and weapons and ammunition management at bicc, as well as to the work in the CoRE-NRW network.

[Project] Development of social requirements for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants in the MENA region

• Solar thermal power plants in North Africa have the potential to satisfy the growing demand for energy. But these innovations come at a price—for example, in the form of the redistribution of resources such as land and water. BICC is studying the potential for conflict and socio-economic consequences of solar thermal power plants in Morocco and Egypt in a research project funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).

[Publication] Global Militarization Index 2017

Compiled by bicc, the Global Militarization Index (gmi) presents on an  annual basis the relative weight and importance of a country's military apparatus  in relation to its society as a whole. The GMI 2017 covers 151 states and is based on  the latest available figures (in most cases data for 2016). The index project is financially supported by Germany's Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and  Development. The ten countries that have the highest levels of militarizati...

[Publication] Learning from the Past. Protracted displacement in the post-World War II period (TRAFIG working paper 2).

This working paper examines the history of the search for solutions to protracted displacement. Focusing specifically on the Horn of Africa, East Africa, the Middle East and South Asia, the paper analyses past policy responses that explicitly or implicitly address situations of extended exile. In addition, the paper examines the potential of translocal mobility and connectivity as an individual- or household-level solution to displacement. The concern to find solutions for long-term displacement...

[PDF Document] brief41.pdf   (4.33 MB)

[Publication] Global Militarisation Index 2014

The Global Militarisation Index (GMI) depicts the relative weight and importance of the military apparatus of one state in relation to its society as a whole. The update of the GMI 2014 is based on data from the year 2013 (i. e. the most recent year for which data has been available) and comprises 152 states. bicc’s GMI is supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). In the 2014 GMI, Israel, Singapore, Armenia, Syria, Russia, Cyprus, South Korea, Jorda...

[Publication] Bolstering resilient connections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (TRAFIG Practice Note No. 4)

Due to prolonged conflict, millions of people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have fled their homes to seek refuge elsewhere, especially in the east of the country. The majority of these Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) flee to cities and other local communities rather than to displacement camps. Bukavu, the capital of the South-Kivu province, is a case in point. In recent years, Bukavu grew rapidly due to the influx of IDPs and other migrants – mostly from the nearby districts....

[Publication] Forced Migration Studies and Policy Dialogue - Promoting New Ways of Knowledge Production and Policy Transfer

On 15 September 2022, the German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), on behalf of the FFVT project, and the Local Engagement Refugee Research Network (LERRN) jointly organised the online workshop “Forced Migration Studies and Policy Dialogue: Promoting New Ways of Knowledge Production and Policy Transfer”. Invited participants met under Chatham House Rules. The workshop was structured around two sessions: Session one discussed why new ways of doing forced migration research are n...

[PDF Document] BICC_annualreport_2013_en.pdf   (3.44 MB)

[Staff] Susanne Heinke

• Member Coordination Unit CoRE-NRW
• Susanne currently is working in the coordination unit of the research network CoRE-NRW (Connecting Research on Extremism in North Rhine-Westphalia) which she joined in 2019.   From 2003 until the end of 2022 Susanne was chief officer for public relations at bicc. She was thus responsible for the entire area of press and public relations. Her work also covered the publication and editing of publications, in particular the Annual Report, the Global Militarization Index (GMI) and the Know...
• Publication: Global Militarisation Index 2021, Every year, bicc’s Global Militarisation Index (GMI) maps the relative weight and importance of a country’s military apparatus in relation to its society as a whole. The GMI 2021 is an anniversary edition. Its first part reflects, as usual, current developments and trends based on the latest available data. It covers 153 countries and is based on the latest available figures (in most cases, data for 2020). The ten countries with the highest levels of militarisa...

[Project] Consultancy on regional resource governance in Sierra Leone and neighboring states

• How can diamonds be turned into a force for development and peace? Two BICC consultants went to Sierra Leone in December 2010 for the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). There, they were to help develop a sensitization and communication strategy on the Kimberley Process and to find entry points for German development cooperation in Sierra Leone. 

[Project] (Re)migration in Central Asia and implications for regime stability in three Central Asian countries

• Since independence of the Central Asian states in the aftermath of the end of the of the USSR, their economic situation has markedly deteriorated. As a result, labor migration from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to Russia and Kazakhstan has significantly increased during the past two decades. This trend continues notwithstanding the cuts caused by the global economic crisis. Financed by the Gerda-Henkel-Foundation, BICC is conducting a pilot study which investigates mid- and long-term eff...

[Project] Commercial provision of security in development countries

• Between 2010 and 2011, BICC researchers examined the private security industries in Timor-Leste, Liberia and Peru. They were particularly interested in the relation between private security and development cooperation and found that security companies challenge development actors in two significant ways. 

[Project] Development of an online presence on "Figures and Facts on War and Peace"

• BICC has developed a modular information portal in association with the Federal Agency for Civic Education (bpb) for use in the latter’s online services in the topic area of war and peace. The information portal offers a whole range of different, mainly interactive types of presentations. Its centerpiece is the WebGIS (Web-based Geographical Information System) element which, in combination with a relational database, enables the cartographic processing and presentation of extremely diverse...

[Project] Artisanal miners in developing countries

• The economic and financial crisis has boosted the demand for gold. High gold prices are encouraging hundreds of thousands of small-scale miners throughout the world to turn to gold mining and to extract this precious metal using the simplest of tools. Against this background, BICC and the Südwind Institute have launched a joint project which uses the examples of Peru and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to study the question of what measures can be taken to improve conditions for artisanal a...

[Publication] Konzeptpapier Integrierte Missionen Für ein effizientes Friedensengagement Das Konzept der Integrierten Missionen

This study presents the concept of UN integrated peace missions and, by looking at three examples, analyzes its practical implementation. The missions under review (mission in Haiti—MINUSTAH; in Sudan—UNMIS, and in Liberia—UNMIL) show that the concept is applied differently with varying degrees of intensity but also with varying success. With concrete examples, the study shows where more cooperation within the United Nations would be desirable and where too strong a focus on structural integrati...

[Publication] In focus: Cooperating to enhance small arms control.

To contribute to conflict prevention and peacebuilding, national governments and international organisations are working on improved SALW control around the world. This BICC photo publication gives the readers an insight into the work carried out by BICC and its partner organisations on the African continent in this field.Financially supported by the German Federal Foreign Office, BICC advises regional and international organisations in Africa and their member states on how to achieve this goal....

[Press] New publication \ In focus: Cooperating to enhance small arms control

• To contribute to conflict prevention and peacebuilding, national governments and international organisations are working on improved SALW control around the world. This BICC photo publication gives the readers an insight into the work carried out by BICC and its partner organisations on the African continent in this field.
• Financially supported by the German Federal Foreign Office, BICC advises regional and international organisations in Africa and their member states on how to achieve this goal. Together we further develop technical and institutional capacities in this area. At the heart of all these efforts lies the desire to improve the protection of civilians in the long run.“In cooperation with BICC, one of the leading European peace and conflict research institutes with many years of project experience in sm...

[Publication] Maximising Impact of Defection Programming in the Lake Chad Basin

Despite efforts by the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) over the past decade to address the protracted conflict involving Boko Haram and its splinter groups in the Lake Chad Basin, common integrated approaches to dealing with armed groups are lacking among member states. This bicc report focuses on several aspects that are promising for maximising impact. Adopting a regional lens for conflict analysis in and around Lake Chad is paramount. At the time of writing, conflict analysis and defection ...

[Publication] Annual Report 2007

BICC (Bonn International Center for Conversion – Internationales Konversionszentrum Bonn) operates at the interface between development and security policy, on the one hand, and application-oriented peace and conversion research, on the other. With our 2007 Annual Report we wish to once again provide details of how we are equipped to perform our information, consultancy and research remit—both in the field of analysis and individual projects—and of BICC’s financial development.  Whether it ...

[Publication] The scarcity of land in Somalia. Natural resources and their role in the Somali conflict

A historical perspective, as proposed by this Occasional Paper, might illuminate one of the underlying roots of conflict and state failure and might also help address central problems to conflict resolution in Somalia. It is the thesis of this Paper that in the fertile riverine areas of southern Somalia, natural resources and especially land have become a key driver of armed conflict. By looking at the current conflict from a historical perspective and by considering core issues such as access t...

[Publication] Water, climate change and the boomerang effect. Unintentional consequences for resource insecurity.

In line with COP21 agreements, state-led climate change mitigation and adaptation actions are being undertaken to transition to carbon-neutral, green economies. However, the capacity of many countries for action is limited and may result in a ‘boomerang effect’, defined as the unintended negative consequences of such policies and programmes on local communities and their negative feedbacks on the state. To avoid this effect, there is a need to understand the policy drivers, decision-making ...

[Publication] Breaking cycles of displacement

On 28 and 29 November 2018, BICC hosted an international conference entitled “Breaking Cycles of Displacement” in Bonn. The conference presented and discussed the findings of the four-year-long comparative BICC research project “Protected rather than protracted—Strengthening Refugees and Peace” This project, funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), scrutinized opportunities for finding solutions to protracted displacement and investigated in how far t...

[Press] New publication \ Breaking Cycles of Displacement

• On 28 and 29 November 2018, BICC hosted an international conference entitled “Breaking Cycles of Displacement” in Bonn. BICC Knowledge Note 2\2019, edited by Clara Schmitz-Pranghe and Ruth Vollmer, documents the conference’s outcomes.
• The conference presented and discussed the findings of the four-year-long comparative BICC research project “Protected rather than protracted—Strengthening Refugees and Peace” This project, funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), scrutinized opportunities for finding solutions to protracted displacement and investigated in how far the participation of displaced persons in peace processes influences the sustainability of their (re-)integration.BICC Kn...

[Event] FFVT on point: “Displaced and disconnected? Rohingya refugees’ search for a future in Bangladesh and beyond”

• In this online discussion invited experts share insights from their research or practical work with displaced Rohingyas in South and Southeast Asia. The 1½ -hour debate will inform the audience about the current situation and discuss fields of action for progressive refugee protection, humanitarian aid, and development cooperation. More than 1.1 million people have fled from Myanmar; 650,000 have been displaced within this country. The Rohingyas represent one of the most persecuted ethnic minori...

[Publication] Return Governance and Diplomacy between Türkiye and Afghanistan

There is growing scholarly and policy interest in under-standing how destination and transit countries developreturn migration policies and collaborate with origin countries. This study investigates the dynamics, drivers and outcomes of the collaborative process between Turkish and Afghan authorities in governing the return of Afghan migrants. Drawing on the concept of return diplomacy, derived from the broader framework of migration diplomacy—which explores the interplay between cross-border mo...

[PDF Document] bicc_annual_report_2009_2010.pdf   (1.75 MB)

[PDF Document] Bulletin63.pdf   (1.63 MB)

[PDF Document] policy_brief_3_2016.pdf   (161.89 KB)

[PDF Document] SoR-11-Rückkehr-und-Reintegration-von-Flüchtlingen.pdf   (1.3 MB)

[Publication] From resource war to ‘Violent Peace’: Transition in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

The first section of the paper provides an assessment of the current state of the ‘peace’ process: Political and security-related developments of the past years are analyzed with a special focus on continuities and changes of politico-economic structures and networks of its former war economy. This analysis provides the framework for two case studies that focus on the developments in two cities and their surroundings in North and South Kivu, Goma and Bukavu. The case studies give a more in-depth...

[Publication] A fragile peace: Guns and security in post-conflict Macedonia (Small Arms Survey, Special Report 4).

This study provides an assessment of small arms availability, distribution, circulation, impact and control in the Republic of Macedonia. Since the close of the crisis in the fall of 2001, the country has continued to struggle with tensions between ethnic Albanians and Macedonians, a depressed economy, and increased levels of crime. It is also believed that large numbers of illegal weapons remain within its borders; many of these derived from the 2001 conflict as well as other regional wars, suc...

[Publication] SALW survey of Croatia.

This report is a SALW Survey of the Republic of Croatia. It was conducted between January and June 2006 in accordance with a set of guidelines developed by the South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of SALW (SEESAC), in co-operation with a non-governmental research organization, the Small Arms Survey. These guidelines determined the scope, method and objectives of the research. The survey addresses SALW issues through four main components:Small Arms Distribution Survey (S...

[Publication] Managing the remnants of war - Micro-disarmament as an element of peace-building

Most armed conflicts today are waged within states. When a conflict is settled, the process of peace-building must begin. One of the first challenges is Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration. The risk of fresh violence will be reduced if combatants turn to peaceful pursuits, and their weaponry is disposed of definitively. The book, an edited volume published by the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC), looks at weapons collection programs undertaken after armed conflicts in We...

[Publication] The Institutionalization of “Voluntary” Returns in Turkey

The increasing salience and variations of “voluntary” return techniques have not yet been thoroughly investigated in the context of Global South countries, which host the majority of displaced people. As the largest refugee host and transit country, the case of Turkey provides important insights on the role that these instruments and the very notion of “voluntariness” play for migration governance. Th is article specifically looks at how Turkey develops and implements its own “voluntary return” ...

[Event] Online discussion \ A new climate for peace—Fighting climate change. Preventing violence.

• Climate change as a global challenge requires concerted responses. Existing dangers and measures that contribute to combating climate and peace risks was the topic of an online discussion (in German language) on 21 September 2020.
• Climate change is already threatening the existence of many people today, especially in countries of the Global South. Conflicts over resources such as water or pasture land are intensifying, extreme weather and natural disasters are robbing people of their livelihoods and forcing them to flee their homes. It poses immense dangers and threatens peace. On the occasion of the UN Day of Peace on 21 September, 18.00 to 19.30, · Professor Dr Conrad Schetter, Scientific Director and Co-Publisher of th...

[Project] Expert group arms exports and report of the Gemeinsame Konferenz Kirche und Entwicklung (GKKE)

• bicc has been involved in the Expert Group on Arms Exports of the Conference Church and Development (GKKE) for many years. Since 2012, a bicc researcher has (co-)chaired the expert group.    As the joint voice of the two main churches in Germany, the GKKE aims to give political weight to the idea that the world is one. It engages in dialogue with parliament, government and social interest groups in Germany on issues of North–South cooperation and development policy. Based on the e...

[Project] Forced Migration and Refugee Studies (FFVT)

• Research on forced migration and refugees is highly relevant in Germany. As its importance has grown, so has the demand for expertise from civil society, the media and within politics. Gathering this expertise means building strong networks of experts in Germany and across the globe. The FFVT’s approach is twofold: First, it facilitates networking and knowledge transfer. Second, while it does not conduct its own research, it supports structures that promote research on forced migration and refug...

[Publication] Bargaining (in)visibility: Rohingya refugees and the politics of visibility in India

Despite relatively low numbers, Rohingya refugees in India have faced a spiralling, multi-factorial crisis of negative visibility over the past decade, constructed by public opinion, politicians, and media coverage. This paper examines this process of negative visibility, largely outside of the community’s control, its very real consequences, and in response, how refugees navigate within an increasingly hostile policy landscape. Relying on qualitative data collected with refugees, community lead...

[Publication] Climate Finance and Neo-colonialism: Exposing Hidden Dynamics

Despite the manifold loopholes of carbon markets, the demand for climate offsets has never been higher than in recent years. Besides the questionable efficacy of such climate compensating measures, growing critique has also been voiced concerning their role in perpetuating global power dynamics and neocolonial patterns. The history of nature conservancy and its implementation in the Global South under the veil of sustainable development, prepared the ground for the deployment of carbon markets, ...

[Event] Fourth CESAI Conference on Afghan Studies

• bicc invited scholars to submit papers for the Fourth CESAI Conference on Afghan Studies. This interdisciplinary event provides a platform for academic discussions on Afghan Studies in a broad sense, including the wider transboundary cultural and linguistic region bridging Western, Central and South Asia.   Zoom links for online participation CESAI Conference Day One, 1 July 2025 Launch Meeting - Zoom Meeting-ID: 656 2918 8724 Identification Number (Kenncode): 732394   CESAI Conference...

[Project] Spaces of (Im)Mobility, Violence and Precarity

• The project aims to explore the spatial expressions and interrelations between mobility, violence and labour precarity, drawing on secondary literature, existing data and two pilot studies. A particular focus is on livelihoods and labour relations in conflict-affected settings in the Global South, and how these are shaped by human (im)mobility, systems of violence and coercion, and dependency relations. In line with the central analytical approach of the Bonn Center for Dependency and Slavery St...

[Event] IMPULSE Café: Changing Climate, Transforming Risks and Shifting Identities

• (Im)Mobilities in Times of Uncertainty 
• Climate change is exposing an increasing number of people around the world to new risks and even threatening the habitability of some regions. While the notion of a massive increase in "climate refugees" is exaggerated, it is important to acknowledge the intricate relationship between climate change and mobility. Mobility has always been a way to cope with environmental crises. However, it also evokes a reorientation of lifestyles and identities, is coupled with new labor relations at destinatio...

[Publication] Global Militarization Index 2016

Compiled by bicc, the Global Militarization Index (gmi) presents on an annual basis the relative weight and importance of a country’s military apparatus in relation to its society as a whole. The GMI 2016 covers 152 states and is based on the latest available figures (in most cases data for 2015). The index project is financially supported by Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. With Armenia, Russia, Cyprus, Greece and Azerbaijan, five European countries are among...

[Staff] Jan Niklas Reich

• Student Assistant, DeSA Project
• Jan is currently enrolled in the Master of Science Geography programme at the University of Bonn, specialising in Development and Globalisation. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Geography (B.Sc) from the University of Bonn.   At bicc, he supports the RüEx project with data management and processing as well as report writing. Before joining bicc, he supported IDOS in the Megatrends Afrika research project.  Jan is interested in South–South cooperation, China–Africa relations and the...

[PDF Document] BICC_AR_2018.pdf   (3.3 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_AR_2018_01.pdf   (3.3 MB)

[PDF Document] bicc_annual_report_2005_2006.pdf   (690.29 KB)

[PDF Document] bicc_annual_report_2005_2006_02.pdf   (690.29 KB)

[Publication] Governing the gift of nature resource conflict monitor: The links between governance, conflict and natural resources

The cocoa trade from Côte d’Ivoire, the country’s main commodity has played a major role in the four-and-a-half-years of armed conflict. Over US $118 million revenues from the cocoa trade flowed into the conflict by funding both the government and the rebel group ‘Forces Nouvelles (FN)’ in the North of the country (Global Witness 2007). Last year, the UN expert panel on Côte d’Ivoire reported that diamonds were still being smuggled out of the country via Mali and Ghana in violation of the United...

[Publication] Annual Report 2015

Protracted civil wars, refugee movements and the shortage of natural resources have been central topics in the work of the peace and conflict research institute BICC (Bonn International Center for Conversion) in 2014/2015. BICC has also contributed to peacekeeping efforts in the prominent crisis region of the Sahel with its activities around the control of small arms. The control of small arms is an important topic for BICC. Besides academic research, BICC also provides technical advice. This is...

[Publication] bicc Annual Report 2024

To advocate “for a more peaceful world” has never felt as urgent—and at the same time as fragile—as it does today. The devastating wars in Ukraine, Sudan, Gaza and the Sahel, global power shifts and growing social injustice in many societies show how vulnerable peace and democracy have become. In its 30 years of existence, bicc has responded to such unsettling developments, evolving from an institute focused primarily on conversion and arms control in its early years to an international centre f...

[Press] Peace Report 2021 \ Europe can do more!

• “Europe can do more!” This is what the four leading German peace research institute call for in their current Peace Report, which they are presenting today at the Federal Press Conference in Berlin. The European Union must increase its ability to act within the global power structure to respond to global challenges by providing non-military solutions.
• Within the European Union, this means resolutely tackling nationalist tendencies, the dismantling of democracy and mismanagement. In foreign policy, measures must be taken, for example, in the conflicts in Donbas and Nagorno-Karabakh, to increase the willingness of the actors involved to compromise without sacrificing fundamental principles of international humanitarian law. In its relations with the Global South, the European Union will also have to determine new priorities: It can contribute t...

[Publication] Annual Report 2009

BICC (Bonn International Center for Conversion) will be 15 years old in 2009. It was founded in 1994 on the initiative of the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW).  With our Annual Report 2008/2009, we want to inform you about BICC’s current activities in the fields of applied research, advisory services and training at the nexus between peace and development worldwide.  Unfortunately, many of the hopes, which were placed in the term ‘conversion’ 15 years ago have not been realized. Th...

[Publication] Global Militarisation Index 2019

Every year, bicc’s Global Militarisation Index (GMI) presents the relative weight and importance of a country's military apparatus in relation to its society as a whole. The GMI 2019 covers 154 states and is based on the latest available figures (in most cases data for 2018). The index project is financially supported by Germany's Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. In this year's GMI ranking, the ten countries that provided the military with markedly large amounts of reso...

[PDF Document] BICC_AR_2020_01.pdf   (3.09 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_AR_2020_02.pdf   (3.09 MB)

[PDF Document] wp_1_2016.pdf   (373.64 KB)

[PDF Document] 141209_GMI_ENG.pdf   (4.85 MB)

[Project] Trajectories of reintegration. The impacts of displacement, migration and return on social change

•   Over the course of four years (2019–2023), the qualitative and multi-sited research project “Trajectories of reintegration. The impacts of displacement, migration and return on social change” conducted a long-term investigation of the reintegration trajectories of returning migrants and (internally) displaced persons.The study investigated the living conditions of returnees and asked for their perceptions, experiences and strategies against the background of the socio-political context in...

[PDF Document] bicc_AR_2016.pdf   (3.97 MB)

[PDF Document] bicc_AR_2016_01.pdf   (3.97 MB)

[Staff] David de Beer

• Associate Advisor
• 2021–2024: Member, BICC International Board 2013–2021: Short missions consultant on arms control, post-conflict management and stabilisation to Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Palestine, Cameroon and Nigeria 2009–2012: Post-conflict advisor, Aceh, Delegation of European Union in Indonesia 2008–2009: European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia 2006–2007: Director, Saferworld, London 2002–2006: Special Advisor to the European Union (CFSP), Phnom Penh, Cambodia 2001: UNMEE – United Nations M...

[Staff] Dr Max Mutschler

• Senior Researcher
• Max holds a Magister Artium (MA) in Political Science and History from the University of Tübingen. He was a lecturer and research associate at the University of Tübingen’s Institute of Political Science from 2007 to 2009, and a visiting researcher at the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) in Vienna in 2010. He received his PhD in Political Science from the University of Tübingen in 2013 with a dissertation on the conditions for preventive arms control. From 2012 to 2014, he worked at the Ger...

[Publication] Veteran combatants do not fade away: a comparative study on two demobilization and reintegration exercises in Eritrea

After 30 years of armed struggle for independence, Eritrea enjoyed only seven years of peace before war with neighboring Ethiopia broke out again and still is under way. In the short peaceful interval, tremendous efforts were deployed not only to rebuild the country’s material infrastructure, which was to a great extent destroyed, but also to rehabilitate the social tissue which had suffered severe wounds. The cessation of hostilities does not mean a return to “normalcy”. In the aftermath of con...

[Publication] Natural resources in Côte d’Ivoire: Fostering crisis or peace? The cocoa, diamond, gold and oil sectors

The trade and exploitation of natural resources such as cocoa, gold, petroleum and diamonds contributed to the conflict in Côte d’Ivoire and still obstruct the peace process in the country. This is one of the conclusions of BICC brief 40, entitled: “Natural Resources in Côte d’Ivoire: Fostering Crisis or Peace? The Cocoa, Diamond, Gold and Oil sectors”. The authors of the BICC brief, Lena Guesnet, Marie Müller and Jolien Schure analyze to what extent the extraction of natural resources has fuele...

[Publication] Transboundary water governance in Southern Africa

This collection of Southern African case studies is intended to contribute to the burgeoning literature on transboundary water governance (TBWG) particularly as it applies to areas of the Global South. Specifically, the collection interrogates the idea of the ‘boundary’. Transboundary Management is most commonly conceived of as the management of surface and groundwater shared by two or more sovereign states. This conceptualization is codified in international law devised in the first instance as...

[Publication] Water, development and cooperation — Comparative perspective: Euphrates-Tigris and Southern Africa

From 1–2 March 2004, the Center for Development Research (ZEF) and the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) hosted an International Expert Workshop on “Water, Development and Cooperation – Comparative Perspective: Euphrates-Tigris and Southern Africa” in Bonn, Germany. Experts from the Euphrates-Tigris region (Turkey, Syria), Southern Africa (Namibia, Zimbabwe, Republic of South Africa, Botswana) as well as from European countries and the United States discussed issues of cooperation ...

[Publication] Internationalizing and privatizing war and peace

What does the internationalization of the armed forces mean for their democratic control, and how can the privatization of the state monopoly of force be prevented? This book addresses the internationalization and privatization of war and peace to find answers to these two questions. If present trends continue, important security functions will be out of the control of national governments and international authorities and the state monopoly of violence is itself at stake. Due to the over-stretc...

[Publication] Editorial to the special section "Geographies of vulnerability and resilience - Critical explorations"

In the past 30 years the concept of vulnerability has been an important paradigm in human geography and development studies. Vulnerability analyses have significantly enhanced our understanding of everyday life under conditions of poverty and food insecurity in the Global South and of people's capacities to live with risks and natural hazards. A vulnerability perspective has also been adopted by practitioners and served as a guiding principle for policies and development interventions. In the la...

[Publication] Transboundary water governance in Southern Africa: An indroduction

This collection of Southern African case studies is intended to contribute to the burgeoning literature on transboundary water governance (TBWG) particularly as it applies to areas of the Global South. Specifically, the collection interrogates the idea of the ‘boundary’. Transboundary Management is most commonly conceived of as the management of surface and groundwater shared by two or more sovereign states. This conceptualization is codified in international law devised in the first instance as...

[Publication] Transboundary water governance in Southern Africa: Beyond the state

This collection of Southern African case studies is intended to contribute to the burgeoning literature on transboundary water governance (TBWG) particularly as it applies to areas of the Global South. Specifically, the collection interrogates the idea of the ‘boundary’. Transboundary Management is most commonly conceived of as the management of surface and groundwater shared by two or more sovereign states. This conceptualization is codified in international law devised in the first instance as...

[Publication] Annual Report 2021

As of 15 September 2021, BICC's new name is Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies. Against this background, the Annual Report 2021 depicts the advances of the peace and conflict research institute and its growing expertise in research and policy advice.  This Annual Report 2021 focuses on how disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration can transform violent conflicts. BICC, however, not only looks into this in violent settings in countries of the global South but also closer to h...

[Publication] Yemen: Civil War as a Driver of Regional Arms Dynamic

Yemen has been at war since 2014. But decades of conflict between the north and the south and the Sa’ada wars between 2004 and 2010 had already led to a heavy militarization of Yemen. With the Houthis nationwide expansion of power, the arms dynamics within the country changed significantly. The civil war internationalised into a proxy war between Sunni Gulf states, led by Saudi Arabia, and Iran, resulting in the armament of various local actors. However, due to the geostrategic and religious dim...

[Publication] Migration and Cities: Conceptual and Policy Advances

This open access book brings together different perspectives on migration and the city that are usually discussed separately, to show the special character of the urban context as a territorial and political space where people coexist, whether by choice or necessity. Drawing on heterogeneous situations in cities in different world regions (including Europe, North America, the Middle East, South, Southeast and East Asia and the Asia Pacific) contributions to this volume examine how migration and ...

[Publication] Remilitarisation in Asia: Trends and Implications

Recent years have seen a remilitarisation of many countries in South, Southeast, and Northeast Asia. While open coups remain an exception, there is a worrying trend among Asian nations of the military’s influence over politics, society, and the economy gradually increasing. This raises concerns about the prospects for liberal democracy, just socio-economic development, and stability in the region. Since midway through the first decade of the new century, militaries in Asia have expanded their in...

[Publication] Global Militarisation Index 2024

Despite the global increase in military spending, only a minority of states are following an armament trend. In only 52 of the 149 countries covered by the GMI has the volume of military expenditure, personnel and weapons increased relative to civilian benchmarks in recent years. And yet, there are a number of countries where relative investment in the armed forces has barely changed or even declined recently. 81 countries stand out for their demilitarisation. Looking regionally, it is striking ...

[Project] Breaking Patterns of Armed Violence (PAVE)

• The project aims to reduce armed group violence across Africa by delivering empirical research and technical advice that help shape stronger, more effective policies and initiatives—such as DDR and CVR—supporting communities and peacebuilding efforts continent-wide. The project’s primary objective is to reduce and address armed group violence in Africa through empirical evidence on armed group dynamics and technical advice to key conflict stakeholders. The evidence is used to inform and enh...

[PDF Document] BICC_Knowledge_Note_2_2016_e.pdf   (5.16 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Knowledge_Note_2_2016_en.pdf   (5.15 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Knowledge_Note_2_2016_e_02.pdf   (5.16 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Working_Paper_9_2019.pdf   (2.68 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Working_Paper_4_2021.pdf   (3.62 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Jahresbericht_2010-2011-E_01.pdf   (2.31 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Policy_Brief_3_2020.pdf   (198.51 KB)

[PDF Document] 20240814_bicc-report_Wulf-online (1).pdf   (6.13 MB)

[PDF Document] 20240816_bicc-report_Wulf-online.pdf   (5.59 MB)

[PDF Document] 20240816_bicc-report_Wulf-online_1.pdf   (6.14 MB)

[PDF Document] 20240822_bicc-report_Wulf-online.pdf   (5.6 MB)

[Staff] Gesa Himmelstoß

• Student Assistant
• Gesa Himmelstoß is currently enrolled at the University of Bonn as an MA student of Political Science. She holds a Bachelor’s degree (BA) in Integrated Social Sciences from the University of Braunschweig. Her bachelor’s thesis dealt with the implementation of international measures to protect women from HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Gesa works as a student assistant, supporting management and administration.

[PDF Document] wp_2_2016_0403.pdf   (1.22 MB)

[PDF Document] How_can_the_Humanitarian-Development-Peace_Nexus_work_from_the_bottom_up.pdf   (3.69 MB)

[PDF Document] 20240115_HDP_Titles.pdf   (3.81 MB)

[PDF Document] How_can_the_HDP_work_from_the_bottom-up.pdf   (3.84 MB)

[PDF Document] How_can_the_HDP_work_from_the_bottom-up.pdf   (4.17 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Jahresbericht_2012_dt_LR.pdf   (5.32 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_AR_2017.pdf   (3.98 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_AR_2017_01.pdf   (3.98 MB)

[PDF Document] bicc_Knowledge_Note_3_2018__Controlling_Small_Arms.pdf   (1.75 MB)

[Event] Peace Report 2023 presented at the Federal Press Conference in Berlin

• The war in Ukraine and its global consequences remain a central theme of the Peace Report. According to the assessment of the four leading German peace research institutes, the European NATO countries should prepare for a protracted war of attrition and permanent support for Ukraine.
• The Peace Report 2023 “Peace Is a Long Way Off” (in German) shows that besides the war in Ukraine, the number of violent conflicts, mostly involving non-state armed actors, is increasing worldwide. The Russian Wagner Group is not only active in the war between Russia and Ukraine but also in the Sahel, undermining international peace missions. The peace research institutes, therefore, call for the group to be designated as a criminal organisation and sanctioned. Other key themes of the ...

[Press] BICC Annual Report 2021 \ From Conversion to Conflict research

• As of 15 September 2021, BICC's new name is Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies. Against this background, the Annual Report 2021 depicts the advances of the peace and conflict research institute and its growing expertise in research and policy advice.
• "Conversion became 'Conflict Studies'. This change of name is owed to the fact that the world has changed rapidly in the last thirty years", explains Conrad Schetter, Director of BICC. "Global conflicts are not characterised by disarmament and conversion but by a new military build-up. Entire regions, such as the Horn of Africa or Sahel, are affected by violent conflicts. This is what BICC deals with", emphasises Conrad Schetter, Director of BICC.  This Annual Report 202...

[Press] BICC listed again in the Global Think Tank Ranking \ International research community is looking for answers to the manifold consequences of the Covid-19 crisis

• Around the globe, think tanks are analysing the profound disruptions of societies and economies as a consequence of the coronavirus pandemic. As a peace and conflict research institute, BICC is one of the think tanks that focus particularly on the conflict dynamics associated with this. In the 2020 Global Think Tank Ranking, BICC is again amongst the top 100 think tanks worldwide.
• In the 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Ranking of the University of Pennsylvania, BICC features once again in the categories “Top Think Tanks Worldwide (global, rank 68) and “Top 100 Think Tanks (non-US, rank 84). For the first time, BICC has also been nominated as one of the best western European think tanks (rank 116).“The transdisciplinary efforts to protect peoples’ lives and livelihoods in the face of this pandemic unites think tanks worldwide. We are proud to be part of this international res...

[Project] Reflection Group "Monopoly for the use of force 2.0?"

• Questions are increasingly being raised about the classic idea of the state’s "monopoly of force" or "monopoly of violence", i.e. the imperative for security services to be provided exclusively by public institutions. After all, in many places private security firms have become a mainstay of security in our cities. In other places, national or local police units have arrangements with vigilantes, self-defence militia, gangs and criminal organisations. In fact, the state's mon...

[PDF Document] BICC_AR_2019_02.pdf   (2.17 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_AR_2019_03.pdf   (2.17 MB)

[Publication] Einsatz deutscher Rüstungstechnik im Jemen - Für ein umfassendes Waffenembargo gegen die Kriegskoalition

The English version of this Policy Brief is a translation of the original German version that was published on 25 February 2019. The "Khashoggi moratorium" on arms exports to Saudi Arabia, imposed by the federal government in response to the murder of the journalist, ends on 9 March. In view of the continuing gross violation of international humanitarian law by the states involved in the war in Yemen, the latest BICC Policy Brief considers a mere extension of the moratorium to be insufficient an...

[Press] New Publication \ Deployment of German Arms in Yemen - For a Comprehensive Arms Embargo against the War Coalition

• In view of the continuing gross violation of international humanitarian law by the states involved in the war in Yemen, the latest BICC Policy Brief considers a mere extension of the moratorium to be insufficient and calls for a comprehensive arms embargo against the war coalition.
• Marius Bales and Max M. Mutschler, authors of BICC Policy Brief 2\2019 “Einsatz deutscher Waffensysteme im Jemen - Für ein umfassendes Waffenembargo gegen die Kriegskoalition“ (in German) in particular recommend:\ Decide on a comprehensive arms embargoIn view of the flagrant violation of international humanitarian law by the countries involved in the war in Yemen, export moratoria of limited duration, such as the current stop of arms exports to Saudi Arabia until 9 March, are not sufficient. Due...

[PDF Document] Bulletin54.pdf   (1.41 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_GMI_2021_EN.pdf   (7.82 MB)

[Publication] Annual Report 2006

In 2006, BICC (Bonn International Center for Conversion—Internationales Konversionszentrum Bonn) is launching a new publication series: the Annual Report. With this new publication we intend to comment on our three key areas of work – arms control, measures to establish peace, and conflict – as well as analyze worldwide armament and disarmament trends. But we also want to provide better insight into BICC’s work by including short articles describing the experience, objectives, results and key re...

[Publication] Global Militarisation Index 2015

Compiled by bicc, the Global Militarisation Index (GMI) presents on an annual basis the relative weight and importance of a country's military apparatus in relation to its society as a whole. The 2015 GMI covers 152 states and is based on the latest available figures (in most cases data for 2014). The index project is financially supported by Germany's Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). There are numerous sources of conflict around the world that are driving militar...

[Publication] Global Militarisation Index 2018

Compiled by bicc, the Global Militarisation Index (GMI) presents on an annual basis the relative weight and importance of a country's military apparatus in relation to its society as a whole. The GMI 2018 covers 155 countries and is based on the latest available figures (in most cases data for 2017). The index project is financially supported by Germany's Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Israel, Singapore, Armenia, Cyprus, South Korea, Russia, Greece, Jordan, Brunei and...

[Publication] Global Militarisation Index 2020

Every year, bicc’s Global Militarisation Index (GMI) presents the relative weight and importance of a country’s military apparatus in relation to its society as a whole. The GMI 2020 covers 151 states and is based on the latest available figures (in most cases data for 2019). The index project is financially supported by Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. In this year’s GMI ranking, the ten countries that provided the military with particularly large amounts of ...

[Project] G7 Conference SALW in the Sahel

• Never before has the Sahel–Maghreb region experienced such a high level of small arms availability. Following the fall of Gaddafi, non-state armed actors overran sizeable weapons depots in Misrata and Zintan, quickly turning Libya into an open market for arms. These small arms and light weapons (SALW) have since headed east (to Egypt, Sinai, and Palestine), west (to armed groups in northern Mali via Algeria and the Tunisian border), and south (to Boko Haram in Nigeria via Niger and Chad). To try...

[Staff] Nuria Grigoriadis

• Senior researcher
• Nuria Grigoriadis is leading the SALW control project. Before joining BICC, she implemented for almost 10 years peace and security projects in Africa with the Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). In Ghana, she supported the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, especially in civilian training courses such as DDR. In Ethiopia, she assisted the African Union in the operationalisation of the African Peace and Security Architecture and worked with IGAD and the Europ...

[PDF Document] bulletin23.pdf   (175.42 KB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Jahresbericht_2013_dt.pdf   (3.46 MB)

[Publication] Annual Report 2008

The Annual Report 2007/2008 sets out to provide information on how BICC is engaging throughout the world at the interface between development and peace in the fields of application-oriented research, counseling and capacity building.  We are proud to have a very prominent guest author for this year’s Annual Report: Professor Dr. Hans Blix, Chairman of the International Commission on Weapons of Mass Destruction, Stockholm, and a Member of BICC’s International Board. His editorial deals with ...

[Event] Regional Innovation Workshop on “Regional Approaches to Dealing with Armed Groups in the Sahel”

• The Greater Sahel region has suffered from diverse forms of armed conflict over the past decades. These include, for instance, political rebellions, devastating consequences of climate change, exacerbating conflict and leading to, among others, forced displacement, resource scarcity, violent herder-farmer conflicts, and the spread of organized crime and violent extremism. The AU Peace and Security Council in its 1006th meeting also expressed its deep concern due to the increasing attacks by arme...

[Staff] Joseph Farha

• Project Leader
• Joe has worked in the fields of SALW control, arms transfer controls and research on the arms and security trade since 2008. As well as research activities, his work has included policy development and the provision of training and capacity-building as well as technical advice on issues relating to weapons and ammunition management (WAM) for national and multilateral bodies in the MENA, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Caucasus and Southeast Asian regions as well as for United Nations and European Unio...

[Staff] Claire Trancart

• Junior Technical Advisor
• BA 2011, MA 2014Claire studied Social Sciences and Public Affairs at Sciences Po Paris. She also did an exchange year at University College Cork and spent a year at the University of Konstanz in Germany. Claire worked for the South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons (UNDP SEESAC) in Belgrade on arms control and PSSM in the Balkans. Previously, she interned at the Delegation of International and European Affairs of the French Ministry of Inter...

[PDF Document] pb2_19_yemen_e_web.pdf   (147.93 KB)

[Staff] Philip Rush

• Associate Researcher
• Philip Rush studied Political Science at California State University San Marcos (CSUSM) and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in 2001. He completed a Master of Arts (MA) in International Policy Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies (MIIS) in 2008.Between 1995 and 2001, Philip Rush served as a Light Armored Reconnaissance (LAR) infantryman in the United States Marine Corps Reserves (USMCR). From 1998 to 2001, he worked as a congressional liaison and field representative ...

[PDF Document] BICC_BULLETIN_64.pdf   (1.6 MB)

[PDF Document] Bulletin57.pdf   (94.84 KB)

[PDF Document] brief18.pdf   (587.4 KB)

[PDF Document] paper4.pdf   (130.26 KB)

[PDF Document] Bulletin60.pdf   (702.87 KB)

[Press] Global Militarisation Index 2020 \ Worldwide trends in militarisation and what they may mean for trends in health security

• The trends in militarisation in the Middle East, Europe, but also between the United States and China continue. Every year, the Global Militarisation Index (GMI) by the Bonn Peace and Conflict Research institute presents the relative weight and importance of a country’s military apparatus in relation to its society as a whole. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, this year’s focus is the link between militarisation and health security.
• In this year’s GMI ranking, the ten countries that provided the military with particularly large amounts of resources in relation to other areas of society are Israel, Armenia, Oman, Bahrain, Singapore, Saudi-Arabia, Brunei, Russia, Kuwait and Jordan. One look at the Top 10 shows that all countries in the Middle East are highly militarised by global comparison—six countries are from this region. The authors, Dr Max Mutschler and Marius Bales, place the regional focus of the GMI 2020 on Europe. T...

[Staff] Ester Serra Mingot

• Associate Researcher
• (Academic) education 2014 to 2018: PhD in Social Anthropology and Geography (Migration and Social Protection); University of Maastricht (The Netherlands) 2011 to 2013: Erasmus Mundus Joint Master’s in Migration and Intercultural Relations, University of Oldenburg (Germany), University of Stavanger (Norway) and Ahfad University for Women (Sudan) 2010 to 2011: Master’s degree in International Relations, Safety and Development, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain) 2009 to 2010: Postgraduate Ce...

[PDF Document] MENA_Select-Electricity_Planning_for_Sustainable_Development_in_the_MENA_Region-annex.pdf   (4.56 MB)

[PDF Document] bulletin52.pdf   (1.66 MB)

[Project] Cooperation in the ‘Fatal Transactions’ (FT) network

• Natural resources, such as oil, gas, timber and minerals, have played an important role in armed conflict in about a dozen wars and armed conflicts over the past years. Natural resource deposits alone do not however necessarily result in a 'resource curse'. Whether or not there is such a resource curse seems to depend, in particular, on to what degree the wealth created by the revenues from the exploitation of natural resources is distributed justly and democratically. The "Fatal Transactio...

[PDF Document] bicc_jahresbericht_2005_2006.pdf   (683.48 KB)

[PDF Document] bicc_jahresbericht_2005_2006_01.pdf   (683.48 KB)

[PDF Document] bicc_KN_2-2017_web_BF.pdf   (2.27 MB)

[Staff] Isabella Bauer

• Associate Researcher
• Isabella Bauer graduated in Social Work and Pedagogics (Diplom FH Potsdam) and holds a Master’s degree in Peace and Security Studies (IFSH University of Hamburg).Since 2002, Isabella Bauer has worked for various organizations in the field of intercultural management, conflict transformation, mediation and peace education. She lived and worked in different conflict regions (South Africa, Uganda, Kenia, Israel and Nepal) for more than five years. In Germany, she has trained personnel for civil mis...

[PDF Document] brief23.pdf   (609.8 KB)

[PDF Document] working_paper_4_2016.pdf   (577.1 KB)

[PDF Document] brief44.pdf   (5.13 MB)

[PDF Document] bulletin47.pdf   (614.73 KB)

[Staff] Rebecca Navarro

• Researcher
• Rebecca holds a bachelor’s degree (BSc) in Applied Geography from RWTH Aachen University and a master’s degree (MSc) in Environmental Protection and Landscape Ecology from the University of Bonn. She joined bicc in September 2020 to support the I-WALAMAR project on sustainable transformation processes in rural Morocco. Prior to this, she worked in the field of sustainable energy innovations in agriculture and food production for the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ).

[PDF Document] land_and_conflict_prevention_web_9_MB-42-45.pdf   (286.04 KB)

[PDF Document] 20240904_Annual_Report-neues CD_online.pdf   (43.84 MB)

[PDF Document] 20240904_Annual_Report-neues CD_online_1.pdf   (43.87 MB)

[PDF Document] Bulletin58.pdf   (834.59 KB)

[PDF Document] bulletin44.pdf   (460.21 KB)

[PDF Document] bicc_annual_report_2024.pdf   (12.41 MB)

[PDF Document] securitysector.pdf   (406.14 KB)

[Project] Ethnic Federalism – Institutional preconditions for stability and conflict settlement

• Hindus against Muslims in Gujarat, India; Muslims against Christians in Bauchi, Nigeria; Chechen or Basque separatists against central governments in Moscow and Madrid - the co-existence of ethnic groups within a federation regularly leads to conflicts. A BICC research project funded by the German Foundation for Peace (DSF) studies the question of whether and how the state form of a federation influences ethnic conflicts - does co-existence in a federation aggravate the conflicts or does it cont...

[Project] The role of the African diaspora in conflicts

• The question of the migration and integration of groups of migrants in Germany is not only the subject of discussion in the media and in public but also in the scientific debate. This discussion no longer focuses solely on the migrants' opportunities for integration. It also deals with the question of the role members of the diaspora play in their countries of exile in the political development of their home countries. In particular: Do they serve to exacerbate conflicts from afar or contribute ...

[Project] An analysis of the implementation of DD&R in Aceh Province, Indonesia

• Almost 30 years of armed struggle between the Government of Indonesia (Gol) and the Free Aceh Movement/Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) in the North-Western province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) were put to an end with the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on 15 August 2005 in Helsinki. A year later, a BICC project funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs examined the first results of the peace process. The outcome was an analysis of the process of disarmament, demobiliz...

[Project] Demobilization and disarmament in Colombia

• Due to its internal conflicts, Colombia is known as one of the most violent places on earth. However, things have started moving since the "United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia" (AUC) agreed a ceasefire in 2004 and the "Law for Justice and Peace" was adopted. The "National Commission for Reparation and Reconciliation" (CNRR) was founded and a process of demobilization unparalleled in Latin America began. With funding from the European Union and the assistance of t...

[Project] Early Warning – Early Action

• The "Early Warning - Early Action" project, which was conducted on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), set itself two tasks. On the one hand, it was to identify various development policy instruments for the early prevention of crises. On the other, it set out to conduct an overview of the practice in other OECD countries to provide comparisons and examples. 

[PDF Document] BICC_Working_paper_2_2018.pdf   (3.44 MB)

[PDF Document] diaspora_concept_paper.pdf   (243.06 KB)

[PDF Document] bulletin40.pdf   (322.6 KB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Policy_Brief_2_2019_d.pdf   (209.04 KB)

[PDF Document] brief37.pdf   (5.66 MB)

[PDF Document] GKKE-74-REB-2025-ISBN-978-3-910646-11-7.pdf   (1.41 MB)

[PDF Document] Fluchtkonferenz_Programm 2024.pdf   (1.84 MB)

[PDF Document] Fluchtkonferenz_Programm2024.pdf   (1.72 MB)

[PDF Document] Conference of the German Network for Forced Migration Studies.pdf   (1.7 MB)

[Staff] Dr. Hartmut Küchle

• Associate Researcher
• Hartmut Küchle studied Sociology, Economic History and Economics at the University of Tübingen from 1965 until 1970 (Diplom-Volkswirt; equivalent to MA) with traineeships in Finland, the United States, South Africa and India. He wrote his PhD thesis on economic theories of crisis (Dr. rer.pol.).From 1970 until 1973, he worked at the German Institute of Corresponding Studies (DIFF) at the University of Tübingen as editor of course on economics. From 1973 to 1997, Helmut Küchle was Senior Res...

[Project] EU NGOs—Activities to raise public awareness of development issues

• The EU-funded Fatal Transactions campaign, whose partners include inter alia BICC, NIZA (Netherlands Institute for Southern Africa), Pax Christi Netherlands and IPIS (International Peace Information Service, Belgium), supports the fair and just use of natural resources as a contribution to sustainable development and peace in Africa. BICC assumed responsibility for coordinating the Fatal Transactions campaign in Germany at the beginning of 2007 and since then has developed numerous activities.

[PDF Document] BICC_Brief_49.pdf   (7.67 MB)

[PDF Document] bulletin61.pdf   (863.05 KB)

[PDF Document] paper35.pdf   (220.66 KB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Knowledge_Note_1_2022.pdf   (1.73 MB)

[PDF Document] working_paper_0315.pdf   (1.85 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Jahresbericht_2010-2011-D.pdf   (2.3 MB)

[PDF Document] brief4.pdf   (267.36 KB)

[PDF Document] paper46.pdf   (1.32 MB)

[PDF Document] ft_newsletter_03_2008_12.pdf   (435.41 KB)

[Project] Supporting the development and implementation of a civilian SALW training program in West Africa

• A joint project of the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, KAIPTC, the ECOWAS Small Arms Unit, the German Development Cooperation (GTZ) and BICC has elaborated a training manual on small arms control. It offers practical assistance for civil society actors and organizations active in this field.

[Project] After the US elections—before the elections in Iran: On the interdependency of international politics and the internal development of Iran—New chances for a compromise in the nuclear dispute

• On 4 December 2008, BICC and the Deutsche Welle invited international experts from the United States, Iran, Sweden and Germany to a half-day conference entitled “After the US Elections: New chances for a compromise in the nuclear dispute with Iran?”. Venue was the Deutsche Welle in Bonn. The discussions focused on the interdependence of international politics and Iran’s internal development.

[Project] Small arms survey in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

• In cooperation with GRIP (Groupe de Recherche et d’Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité) and the National Commission on Small Arms Control in the DRC, BICC has composed the probably most comprehensive study on the proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALW) in the east of the DRC. For this, more than 10.000 households were interviewed as well as group discussions and single interviews conducted to obtain information on the population’s threat perception as regards SALW. 

[Project] Consultancy for the High Commission for Reintegration in Colombia on behalf of GTZ

• Reintegration has never been, even at the best of times, an easy task; reintegration during an ongoing conflict presents even further challenges. By using lessons learned from both prior domestic processes and efforts from other corners of the globe, Colombia is trying to succeed in this endeavor. With reintegration as its central role, the Office of the High Commissioner for Reintegration (ACR) was established in 2006. At present the ACR attempts to reintegrate about 31,200 combatants, all over...

[Project] Mercenary identities: The self-image of employees of private military-security companies in Iraq

• The objective of this research was to explore the identity, values and attitudes of private security contractors in order to improve our understanding of the professional self-conceptions and motivations of individuals who sign on with private security firms.  More specifically, this exploratory research seeked to examine whether there is an emerging professional identity among employees of private security firms and to what extent such an identity may differ from that of professional soldi...

[Project] Resources for a Fairer World—Photo Exhibition

• “Resources for a Fairer World” was the title of an exhibition project, which BICC had organized in conjunction with Bread for the World, EIRENE, Fatal Transactions, FIAN, the Heinrich Böll Foundation, medico international, MISEREOR and Urgewald. The photo exhibition presented the examples of diamonds, gold, crude oil, uranium, tropical timber, soya and cocoa. It provided information on the individual natural resource and describes the problems associated with its exploitation. Most importantly, ...

[Project] Ethnic federalism: Institutional preconditions for stability and conflict management

• In the period 2005 to 2008, a project funded by the German Foundation for Peace Research (DSF) studied ethnic federalism and considered the institutional preconditions for stability and conflict settlement. Four multiethnic federations—Russia, India, Nigeria and Spain—served as examples.

[PDF Document] ft_newsletter_02_2008_03.pdf   (587.67 KB)

[PDF Document] knowledgeNote_1_2018_PRINT.pdf   (20.8 MB)

[PDF Document] brief40.pdf   (4.03 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Working_Paper_3_2020_01.pdf   (402.99 KB)

[PDF Document] small_arms.pdf   (1.13 MB)

[PDF Document] bulletin14.pdf   (138.33 KB)

[PDF Document] Knowledge_Notes_2-2015_Web.pdf   (1.56 MB)

[PDF Document] brief7.pdf   (3.06 MB)

[PDF Document] 20250701_Locally-led_Peace_HDP_Nexus.pdf   (2.88 MB)

[PDF Document] 20250701_Locally-led_Peace_HDP_Nexus_1.pdf   (2.88 MB)

[PDF Document] brief29.pdf   (988.46 KB)

[PDF Document] paper28.pdf   (196.7 KB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Policy_Brief_01_2020_e.pdf   (187.14 KB)

[PDF Document] brief32.pdf   (2.54 MB)

[PDF Document] brief33.pdf   (813.78 KB)

[PDF Document] Spotlight_on_HDP_in_Mali-online.pdf   (3.16 MB)

[Project] Transportation infrastructure in Germany and its relevance to security technologies and employment

• The Hans-Böckler-Foundation commissioned BICC to design a study on “Innovations to protect German airports against attacks: Security technologies and jobs.” Inter alia, the project studies the potential dangers threatening ‘neuralgic’ points—such as airports—and considers what type of security technologies can help.

[PDF Document] BICC_brief_02.pdf   (7.16 MB)

[PDF Document] paper01.pdf   (139.34 KB)

[PDF Document] bulletin53.pdf   (1.28 MB)

[PDF Document] Interkulturelle_Woche_Thüringen_2010.pdf   (185.69 KB)

[PDF Document] How_to_Decolonise_the_HDP-Nexus.pdf   (3.5 MB)

[PDF Document] How_to_Decolonise_the_HDP-Nexus_1.pdf   (3.34 MB)

[PDF Document] Spotlight_on_HDP_in_Mali.pdf   (2.37 MB)

[PDF Document] Spotlight_on_HDP_in_Mali.pdf   (2.37 MB)

[PDF Document] GMI_2016_e_2016_01_12.pdf   (2.39 MB)

[PDF Document] Friedensgutachten 2024.pdf   (4.45 MB)

[PDF Document] bulletin28.pdf   (179.92 KB)

[PDF Document] GMI_2017_EN.pdf   (5.3 MB)

[PDF Document] Commentary_Schetter_070214.pdf   (99.8 KB)

[Project] DIASPEACE

• The perception of migrants in the European Union has changed considerably in recent years. Increasing attention is now being focused on the complex political, social and cultural involvement of migrants from crisis regions in peace and development processes in their countries of origin. BICC is taking part in the multi-year international EU research project “Diasporas for Peace: Patterns, Trends and Potential of Long-distance Diaspora Involvement in Conflict Settings (DIASPEACE)”, which sets out...

[Project] Marking and tracing of small arms and light weapons

[PDF Document] policy_paper3_flucht_e_121115.pdf   (156.8 KB)

[PDF Document] 20250508_bicc GMI 2024_EN.pdf   (4.23 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_GMI_2019_EN.pdf   (4.82 MB)

[Project] Documentation of arms export

• With a database accessible at www.bicc.de/ruestungsexport/, BICC examines how 170 countries meet the EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports. The database also supplies basic data on armaments, the military and the security sector of key recipient countries of German military goods. The aim of BICC's database project, which is funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), is to expand the base of available information relevant to a discussion on German arms expor...

[Project] Perspectives for the German defense industry in the framework of alternative scenarios

• German companies working in the field of defense technology are at the beginning of a restructuring process, which is the result of reduced budgets for military procurement. This process cannot be halted. Jobs and industrial locations are in danger and the time available for restructuring is running out since, for example, the US industry is making a concerted effort to buy up European manufacturers. A two-year research project funded by the Hans Böckler Foundation is investigating alternative s...

[Project] United Nations (UN) peacebuilding missions

• The United Nations (UN) are involved in a large number of peacebuilding missions. Critics repeatedly ask how civil and military authorities are to work together. The establishment of a UN Peacebuilding Commission is intended to set standards and new approaches are to be introduced in the field of demobilization. A BICC project funded by the BMZ (Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development) will, amongst others, deal with the institutional cooperation between various UN sub-organiza...

[Project] Photo exhibition “Millennium Development Goals 2015 – Acting Global for Poverty Reduction, Development and Peace”

• BICC's photo exhibition project "Millennium Development Goals 2015 - Acting Globally for Poverty Reduction, Peace and Development" was organized in association with the laif photo agency and funded by InWEnt (Capacity Building International, Germany) with funds from the BMZ (Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development). BICC sees the travelling exhibition, which has already been held in four different places, as a contribution to education in the field of development poli...

[PDF Document] brief16.pdf   (852.4 KB)

[PDF Document] Spotlight_on_HDP_Iraq-online.pdf   (5.34 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Working_Paper_7_2019.pdf   (1.39 MB)

[PDF Document] Spotlight_on_HDP_in_Iraq.pdf   (2.82 MB)

[PDF Document] Reintregration_Strategies_for_XCs_TRAINER.pdf   (1.65 MB)

[PDF Document] Reintregration_Strategies_for_XCs_TRAINER_01.pdf   (1.65 MB)

[PDF Document] working_paper_02.pdf   (654.1 KB)

[Project] Developing Peace: The contribution of German development cooperation to UN peacebuilding missions

• United Nations peace missions grant civil stakeholders and development cooperation instruments a central role in tackling the structural causes of conflict by peaceful means and establishing a stable peace. In a preliminary study on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), BICC has taken initial stock of the contribution made by German development cooperation (DC) to United Nations peace missions and has developed a theoretical model for studying the ...

[Project] Security, armaments and development in countries receiving German arms exports

• In 2007, a web-based interactive map component was added to the arms export database, which BICC has been using since 2006 to study how 170 countries comply with the requirements of the EU Code of Conduct for Arms Exports. An interactive map of the world provides access to the various contents of the database. It provides a global overview, enables a comparison of different countries in the global context or a regional analysis of specific world regions by zooming in on the map. The introduction...

[Project] Evaluation of the DD&R process in Liberia

• More than 100,000 former combatants in the civil war in Liberia have been demobilized. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the lead agency responsible for their reintegration, whilst other international donors, including the European Union and the United States, are providing financial contributions and organizing their own parallel programs.

[Project] The role of the security sector for the stabilization and dynamics of semi-authoritarian and authoritarian regimes in Central Asia

• What role do the security institutions play in the domestic power structure of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan? Do they contribute towards stabilizing undemocratic regimes in Central Asia? Are they instrumentalized by the ruling powers for domestic political purposes? A BICC research program funded by the Volkswagen Foundation is studying the “Role of the security sector for the stabilization and dynamics of semi-authoritarian and authoritarian regimes in Central Asia”.

[PDF Document] brief30.pdf   (3.33 MB)

[PDF Document] GMI_2015_EN_2015.pdf   (2.79 MB)

[PDF Document] bulletin41.pdf   (228.24 KB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Working_Paper_8_2ß19.pdf   (1.35 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_GMI_2018_e.pdf   (1.19 MB)

[PDF Document] small_arms_brochure.pdf   (1.34 MB)

[PDF Document] 20250918_Practical-Guide-online.pdf   (9.22 MB)

[PDF Document] paper21.pdf   (576.49 KB)

[PDF Document] Bulletin65.pdf   (1.1 MB)

[PDF Document] bulletin51.pdf   (1.12 MB)

[PDF Document] brief42.pdf   (2.91 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_GMI_2020_EN.pdf   (6.65 MB)

[PDF Document] MENA_Select-Electricity_Planning_for_Sustainable_Development_in_the_MENA_Region-main.pdf   (2.39 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_GMI_2022_EN_01.pdf   (6.69 MB)

[PDF Document] occasional_paper_V_06_10.pdf   (743.59 KB)

[PDF Document] TRAFIG_policyBrief_4.pdf   (803.98 KB)

[PDF Document] Policy-Brief arabisch 250409 - www.pdf   (523.72 KB)

[PDF Document] SALW_Guide_2021_Edition.pdf   (45.27 MB)

[PDF Document] SALW_Guide_2021_Edition.pdf   (45.27 MB)

[PDF Document] sicherheitssektor.pdf   (469.99 KB)

[PDF Document] kleinwaffenbroschuere.pdf   (116.49 KB)

[PDF Document] concept_paper_2019.pdf   (966.05 KB)

[PDF Document] bicc_policy_brief_4_2016.pdf   (215.72 KB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Working_Paper_10_2019.pdf   (5.17 MB)

[PDF Document] ress_konf_uebersichtsstudie.pdf   (348.94 KB)

[PDF Document] Spotlight Mali_FR_online.pdf   (2.14 MB)

[PDF Document] Spotlight Mali_FR_online_1.pdf   (2.14 MB)

[PDF Document] Comment_le_Nexus_HDP_comment_fonctionner.pdf   (3.79 MB)

[PDF Document] NEXUS-Paper arabisch - 250409 - www.pdf   (997.85 KB)

[PDF Document] bulletin29.pdf   (51.58 KB)

[PDF Document] bulletin36.pdf   (628.99 KB)

[PDF Document] bulletin37.pdf   (488.83 KB)

[PDF Document] bulletin45.pdf   (375.67 KB)

[PDF Document] Bulletin55.pdf   (1.33 MB)

[PDF Document] occasional_paper_VII_02_11_eng.pdf   (220.09 KB)

[PDF Document] paper29.pdf   (197.32 KB)

[PDF Document] Comment_décoloniser_le_Nexus_HDP_french_copy.pdf   (3.05 MB)

[PDF Document] 20241023_policy-brief_HDP - spanish_hw_web.pdf   (3.51 MB)

[PDF Document] GMI_2023_GB_231204_X4.pdf   (4.25 MB)

[PDF Document] GMI_2023_GB_231204.pdf   (3.29 MB)

[PDF Document] festschrift_croll_01.pdf   (1.95 MB)

[PDF Document] bicc_jahresbericht_2007_2008_N.pdf   (3.04 MB)

[PDF Document] DPO_Study_Evolving_Nature_DDR_Sept_Low_Res_fa.pdf   (29.65 MB)

[PDF Document] MENA_Select-Electricity_Planning_for_Sustainable_Development_in_the_MENA_Region-tech_description.pdf   (3.84 MB)

[PDF Document] kleinwaffen.pdf   (689.82 KB)

[PDF Document] brief36.pdf   (2.82 MB)

[PDF Document] paper50.pdf   (1.07 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Knowledge_Note_2_2019.pdf   (1.95 MB)

[PDF Document] bulletin18.pdf   (118.33 KB)

[PDF Document] brief22.pdf   (1.3 MB)

[PDF Document] bicc_jahresbericht_2008_2009.pdf   (1.15 MB)

[PDF Document] paper39.pdf   (240.71 KB)

[PDF Document] 20251007_Border_Controls-online_1.pdf   (4.69 MB)

[PDF Document] 20251009_Border_Controls-online.pdf   (4.78 MB)

[PDF Document] paper23.pdf   (641.72 KB)

[PDF Document] 20251031_Kidnapping_Ransom_web.pdf   (3.87 MB)

[PDF Document] bull0197.pdf   (76.85 KB)

[PDF Document] bull0197_01.pdf   (76.85 KB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Annual_Report_2022.pdf   (3.5 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Annual_Report_2022_01.pdf   (3.5 MB)

[PDF Document] dpo_study_the_evolving_nature_of_armed_groups_public_final_09.07.2021-1_01.pdf   (4.5 MB)

[PDF Document] dpo_study_the_evolving_nature_of_armed_groups_public_final_09.07.2021-1.pdf   (4.5 MB)

[PDF Document] GMI_Daten_2013_e_01.pdf   (360.44 KB)

[PDF Document] GMI_Daten_2013_e.pdf   (360.44 KB)

[PDF Document] BICC-FooCo-CLS-V1.pdf   (4.33 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC-FooCo-CLS-V1_1.pdf   (4.33 MB)

[PDF Document] Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons_SALW_Transfers_TRAINEE.pdf   (1.69 MB)

[PDF Document] PE_NY_Side_event.pdf   (482.03 KB)

[PDF Document] TRAFIG_Working_Paper_10.pdf   (6.67 MB)

[PDF Document] kurzpapier_ssr.pdf   (341.35 KB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Working_Paper_1_2018_Myanmar.pdf   (2.79 MB)

[PDF Document] Working_paper_2017_1.pdf   (1.81 MB)

[PDF Document] State-of-Research-01-J-Olaf-Kleist-web.pdf   (2.67 MB)

[PDF Document] paper38_english.pdf   (793.3 KB)

[PDF Document] Global_and_Regional_Agreements_on_SALW_Control_TRAINEE.pdf   (1.51 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC-FooCo_Peace_came_from_the_Herders.pdf   (6.78 MB)

[PDF Document] SPOTLIGHT-Paper arabisch_250409_www.pdf   (692.83 KB)

[PDF Document] EMeininghaus_2017_Is_there_Hope.pdf   (1.06 MB)

[PDF Document] EMeininghaus_2017_Is_there_Hope_01.pdf   (1.06 MB)

[PDF Document] CERCMigration_PolicyBrief21_MAY2024.pdf   (548.74 KB)

[PDF Document] Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons_SALW_Transfers_TRAINER.pdf   (1.44 MB)

[PDF Document] Youth_and_SALW_TRAINER.pdf   (1.75 MB)

[PDF Document] paper9.pdf   (230.75 KB)

[PDF Document] SoR-04-Benjamin-Etzold-WEB.pdf   (1.51 MB)

[PDF Document] Management_of_Weapons_Destruction_Programs_TRAINER.pdf   (3.26 MB)

[PDF Document] Management_of_Weapons_Destruction_Programs_TRAINER_01.pdf   (3.26 MB)

[PDF Document] Management_of_Weapons_Destruction_Programs_TRAINEE.pdf   (1.47 MB)

[PDF Document] bulletin19.pdf   (114.74 KB)

[PDF Document] gmf_climate-change-migration-conflict_07_2010.pdf   (985.14 KB)

[PDF Document] small_arms_report.pdf   (892.02 KB)

[PDF Document] Youth_and_SALW_TRAINEE.pdf   (1.35 MB)

[PDF Document] WP_3_2019_Refugee_Shelters_01.pdf   (1.29 MB)

[PDF Document] Update_GMI_2012_Fact_Sheet_e_neu.pdf   (45.49 KB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Working_Paper_7_2017.pdf   (313.26 KB)

[PDF Document] 1501_Article_JMAS_MMK_corrected_clean.pdf   (517.06 KB)

[PDF Document] Global_and_Regional_Agreements_on_SALW_Control_TRAINER.pdf   (1.58 MB)

[PDF Document] BICC_Working_Paper_5_2017.pdf   (1.62 MB)

[PDF Document] bulletin25.pdf   (148.9 KB)

[PDF Document] BICC_GMI_2022_D_01.pdf   (6.44 MB)

[PDF Document] GMI_2023_D_231201_X4.pdf   (6.02 MB)

[PDF Document] GMI_2023_D_231201.pdf   (3.19 MB)

[PDF Document] Bayer - Multidimensional Measures of Militarization (M3) A Global Dataset.pdf   (1.46 MB)

[PDF Document] Gender_Relations_in_the_Face_of_Climate_Change_and_Conflict.pdf   (2.91 MB)

[PDF Document] 20251105_Climate-Conflict_online.pdf   (2.91 MB)

[PDF Document] Compensation_Matters_e.pdf   (1.38 MB)

[PDF Document] Entschaedigung_Dialog_13_d.pdf   (1.11 MB)

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